Although the extraction of pomades is somewhat laborious and requires great care, it nevertheless pays the perfumer. [Illustration: FIG. 26.] Beyer frères, of Paris, have essentially improved the extracting apparatus previously described, the improvement being shown in Fig. 26. The cylinders _A_ and _A_{1}_ are of copper tinned inside; the lids close air-tight; above the cocks _f_ and _f_{1}_ a perforated piece of tin is placed in the interior of the cylinders; upon this piece of tin a disk of felt may be placed, and thus the extract be drawn off clear. In order to reduce the pomade to a finely divided state, and thus bring it in contact with the alcohol, it is passed through a vermicelli press, _h_, placed upon the cylinder _A_{1}_. The pomade passes, in the form of fine vermicelli, through a sieve in the lower portion of the press into the alcohol contained in the cylinders. The press can be transferred from one extracting vessel to the other. The shafts _a_ and _a_{1}_ also have several horizontal arms like those shown in Fig. 25. Through the contrivances _d_ and _d_{1}_, sitting upon the shaft _c_, the shafts _a_ and _a_{1}_, receive a revolving as well as an up-and-down motion, so that a complete mixture of pomade and alcohol is effected. By this arrangement the pomade completely yields its perfume to the alcohol in one day, and independent of the quicker work, it has the further advantage that the extracts are of better quality in consequence of not remaining for so long a time in contact with the fat. TINCTURES AND EXTRACTS. In the following pages receipts for the preparation of the principal tinctures and extracts used in the preparation of _Extraits_, as well as in other branches of perfumery, fumigating pastils and powders, dentifrices, mouth-waters, and cosmetics, will be given. The tinctures are prepared from the resins and balsams previously mentioned, as well as from the perfume-substances derived from the animal kingdom. Besides these there are employed for the purpose several spices, leaves, roots, and seeds--such as musk-seeds, angelica root, orris root, patchouli leaves, musk-root or sumbul-root, tonka beans, vanilla, vitivert root, etc. Most of these substances, if not already found in commerce in the form of a powder, are, before extraction, pulverized, or at least comminuted as much as possible. For a better view the treatment of each substance is given with the respective receipt. The infusions should be stored in a moderately warm room, and thoroughly shaken several times every day. When extraction is finished the product is filtered through paper and is then called _tincture_ or _extract_.