Birch oil; Artificial preparation of methyl salicylate 152 Adulteration of wintergreen oil and its detection; Ylang-ylang oil 153 Cananga oil 154 CHAPTER V. RESINS AND BALSAMS. Elementary constituents of resins; Division of resins; Hard resins; Soft resins or balsams; Gum-resins 155 Diffusion of resins in the vegetable kingdom; Benzoin 156 Varieties of benzoin and their characteristics 157 Peru balsam and mode of obtaining it 159 White Peru balsam 160 Characteristics of Peru balsam 161 Adulterants of Peru balsam and their detection 162 Tolu balsam and its characteristics 166 A new variety of Tolu balsam 167 Storax; Liquid storax and its characteristics 168 Adulteration of liquid storax and its detection 170 Storax in grains; Ordinary storax 171 American storax, white Peru balsam, white Indian balsam, or liquid-ambar; Myrrh 172 Myrrha electa and its characteristics 173 Constitution of myrrh 174 Adulteration of myrrh and its detection 175 Opopanax; Olibanum or frankincense 176 Commercial varieties of olibanum; Sandarac and its characteristics 177 CHAPTER VI. PERFUME-SUBSTANCES FROM THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. Musk and its varieties; Musk sacs, illustrated and described 178 Characteristics of Tonkin musk 180 Musk of the American musk-rat as a substitute for genuine musk 181 Other possible substitutes for the musk-deer; Artificial musk 182 Adulterations of musk and their detection 183 Civet 184 Castor and its varieties 185 Adulterations of castor; Ambergris 186 Constituents of ambergris 187 Adulterations of ambergris 188 CHAPTER VII. ARTIFICIAL PERFUME-MATERIALS. Conversion of oil of turpentine into oil of lemons by Bouchardat and Lafont 189 Cumarin, its occurrence and properties 190 Varieties of tonka beans found in commerce 191