_Rosemary oil_ (_oleum rosemarini_ or _ol. anthos_) is obtained in Southern Europe, especially in Southern France, Dalmatia and Northern Italy, by distillation from the flowering rosemary, _Rosmarinus officinalis_, natural order _Labiatæ_. It is, when fresh, limpid, colorless, or yellowish, of a penetrating, camphor-like odor and taste, and specific gravity 0.880 to 0.915. By age it becomes darker and thickly-fluid. The French rosemary oil is the best and most expensive. It is distinguished from the Italian oil by its much more pleasant odor. Pure French rosemary oil dissolves in an equal part of 90 per cent. alcohol, while the Italian product requires 2 to 3 parts. The cheaper rosemary oils are generally adulterated with oil of turpentine, which is recognized by the oil not dissolving in the above-mentioned proportion in alcohol, as well as by the iodine test. Rosemary oil does not detonate with iodine, but simply dissolves with heating and perhaps the emission of vapors. The French rosemary oil forms one of the ingredients of _eau de Cologne_ and is used in other perfumery. _Rosewood oil or rhodium oil_ (_oleum ligni rhodii_), is obtained by distillation from the wood of the root and lower trunk of _Convolvulus scopiarius_ and _C. floridas, L._, two plants indigenous to the Canaries. The waste falling off in the manufacture of rosewood beads is chiefly used for the purpose. The oil is of a pale yellow color becoming brown by age. It has a pleasant odor resembling in some slight degree the fragrance of the rose. It is sometimes used in cheap perfumery as a substitute for rose oil. _Sandal-wood oil_ (_oleum ligni sandali_) is distilled from the white West Indian or dark yellow East Indian sandal-wood (_Santalum myrtifolium_). For the purpose of distillation the wood is rasped as finely as possible. The oil obtained from the East Indian wood is the better and more valuable. It has a dark yellow to brown color and a pleasant intense, rose-like odor, while the West Indian oil is pale yellow and of a less agreeable odor. Both oils are very thickly-fluid. The quality and value of sandal-wood oil are best judged by the odor, an adulteration with cedar oil being readily detected thereby. _Sassafras oil_ (_oleum ligni sassafras_), from the bruised root of the sassafras tree, _Sassafras officinale_, natural order _Lauraceæ_. Sassafras is one of the most widely distributed trees of North America, being found in Canada, in all of the United States, east of the prairies, beyond the Mississippi, and in Mexico. The largest amount of oil distilled is within sixty miles of Baltimore, Md., which is the principal depot for its commerce.