_Thyme oil_ is obtained in Southern France and Spain by distillation from the flowering thyme, _Thymus vulgaris, L._ It is greenish-yellow to red (red thyme oil, _oleum thymi rubrum_), but by rectification becomes colorless (white thyme oil, _oleum thymi album_). Both oils are quite limpid and possess a strong thyme odor. The specific gravity of the red oil is 0.91 to 0.94, and that of the rectified oil 0.87 to 0.89. The oil prepared from the fresh plant shows, as a rule, a higher specific gravity than that from the dried plant. Thyme oil consists essentially of thymene (C_{10}H_{16}) besides some cymene (C_{10}H_{14}) and thymol (C_{10}H_{14}O), the latter forming an essential constitutent of the oil. Oils from which the thymol has been withdrawn occur in commerce. Pure thyme oil dissolves clear in every proportion in 90 per cent. alcohol; if such is not the case, adulteration with oil of turpentine is probable. The oil distilled from the field thyme, _Thymus serpyllum, L._, is limpid, yellowish to gold yellow, and of specific gravity 0.89 to 0.91. Old oil is red or brown and no longer limpid. Good oil is soluble in every proportion in 90 per cent. alcohol and emits only slight vapors when brought in contact with iodine. It consists largely of thymene and cymene, and contains a few per cent. of phenol-like bodies. _Turpentine, oil of._--Under the general name "oil of turpentine" are comprised the volatile oils obtained by distillation from the resins or other portions of different species of the pine. There is a large number of these oils, the most important ones of which shall here be mentioned, though but a few are of interest to the perfumer. _Austrian oil of turpentine_, from _Pinus laricio, Poir_.--It is colorless or yellowish, transparent; specific gravity, 0.864; boiling point, 311° to 314° F.; turns polarized light to the left; soluble in 6 parts 90 per cent. alcohol. When rectified it has a specific gravity of 0.862, and is soluble in 7 parts of 90 per cent. alcohol. _German oil of turpentine_, from _Pinus sylvestris_, _P. abies_, _P. vulgaris_, _P. picea_, and _P. rotundata_, resembles the former; specific gravity, 0.860 to 0.870; boiling point, 311° to 320° F.; turns polarized light to the left. When rectified it is soluble in 7 parts of 90 per cent. alcohol. _French oil of turpentine_, from French turpentine of _Pinus maritima_.--It is colorless or faint yellowish; specific gravity, 0.860; boiling point, 313° to 315° F.; turns polarized light to the left; odor peculiar; taste burning. With 7 parts of 90 per cent. alcohol it gives a clear solution. _Venetian oil of turpentine_, from Venice turpentine of _Larix decidua, Mill._, is laevorotatory and resembles the preceding, but has a more agreeable odor. Venice turpentine is mostly obtained in Southern Tyrol and in Piedmont, and yields 18 to 25 per cent. of oil.