_American oil of turpentine_, from American turpentine of _Pinus australis, Mich._, and _P. Taeda, L._--It resembles French turpentine, but turns polarized light to the right. Specific gravity, 0.864; boiling point, 302° to 312.8° F. _Pine oil_ (_oleum abietis_) is obtained by distilling with water the leaves or green cones of _Pinus picea, L._, _Abies pectinata, D. C._ Its odor is much finer than that of ordinary oil of turpentine. It is soluble in 7 parts of 90 per cent. alcohol. _Dwarf pine oil, Krummholz or Latschenoel_ (_oleum pini pumilionis_), is obtained by distilling the young tops and cones of _Pinus pumilio_ with water. It has an agreeable odor, reminding one of juniper; specific gravity, 0.865; boiling point, 338° F. The oil is laevorotatory and soluble in 12 to 15 parts of 90 per cent. alcohol. _Pine-leaf oil_ is obtained by distilling the leaves of _Pinus sylvestris_ or _P. abies_ by means of steam. It is dextrorotatory; has a fine aromatic odor; boiling point, 320° F.; specific gravity, 0.875 to 0.876. _Templin oil_ (_Kienoel_) (_oleum pini_, _ol. templinum_) is obtained chiefly in some sections of Switzerland and Tyrol by distilling the wood, branches, leaves, cones, etc., with water. It has a lemon-like odor; specific gravity, 0.860 to 0.880; boiling point, 320° to 327° F., and is laevorotatory. _Balsam-pine oil_ (_oleum abietis canadensis_) is obtained in Canada from the branches of _Abies balsamea, D. C._ It has a slightly yellowish color, a very agreeable and refreshing odor; specific gravity, 0.902; boiling point at 320° to 330.8° F., and turns polarized light to the right. Of the different varieties of oil of turpentine mentioned only pine oil and dwarf pine oil are used in perfumery. Oils of turpentine must be kept carefully protected from light and air. When badly kept they gradually become resinous with formation of formic and acetic acids. When exposed to the air oil of turpentine absorbs ozone; with iodine it detonates violently. When brought in contact with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid it ignites. _Verbena, oil of_, from the lemon verbena, _Aloysia citriodora, Hooker_. The plant is cultivated in the gardens of Grasse. The oil is extracted from the leaves by distillation in August, but on account of its high price is almost out of market, it being everywhere substituted by the oil of lemon grass, _Andropogon citratus_.