Hume on Reason and Passion--The constant connection of Thought with Feeling, and with Feeling as pleasure or pain--The question as to whether Thought or Feeling is primary--Application of answer to previous considerations on the diffusion of Consciousness in Nature--The relation of the concepts of the Pleasurable and Painful to the concept of "End"--Will as a constant accompaniment of Consciousness--Absurdities to which the division of Consciousness into distinct faculties leads--Law of the growth of functional tendency and of pleasure in function--The New as a disturber of equilibrium--The pleasure involved in the overcoming of obstacles--The equilibrium of function as Health--Connection of the pleasure of food-taking with Health--Criticism of Rolph's principle of the Insatiability of Life--Further criticism of Rolph on the Darwinian theory of Growth--The cooerdinate progress of physiological adaptation with the advancement of knowledge, and with the variation of Feeling and Will--The pleasure of the strongest motive as relative, not absolute--The character of the End in view--The pleasure of anticipation and the pleasure of the event--Criticism of Sidgwick on Hedonism--Criticism of Rolph's theory of Want as universal motive--Suicide--Rest--The diminution of pain with lapse of time as adaptation--Pleasure in pain as pleasure in function--The relation of Health to Happiness--The theory of the absolute Freedom of Feeling--The concepts of Cause and Effect as applied to the evolution of Thought, Feeling, and Will--Application of conclusions to the Teleological Argument 360-382 CHAPTER V EGOISM AND ALTRUISM IN EVOLUTION Prototypes in other animal species of what we term Egoism and Altruism in man; care for the young on the part of the parent-animal; mutual aid between the sexes; animal societies--Experiments of Lubbock showing the irregularity and caprice of action altruistic in form, among the ants--Benno Scheitz on maternal care among lower species--Answers to the argument of automatism--Dependence of a theory of moral Evolution on the definition of Egoism and Altruism--The significance of the terms progressive--The possibility of differences in the form of the evolution of Altruism, in different species--The possibility of the combination of different forms in the evolution of a single species--Discussion of the question of the first beginning of action prompted by altruistic motive--The argument of the illogical nature of a supposed development of Altruism from Egoism--The question as to whether Health, the Preservation of Species, or Pleasure, is the actual final end of action--The question of Heredity in relation to that of the moral evolution--Stephen's views--Arguments from Ribot, Dugdale's "Jukes," etc. 383-422