Criticism of Alexander's theory of the right as always absolute right and as the expression, on all planes of development, of an equal equilibrium--The Moral Evolution as one involving the whole of humanity and the whole earth--Gradual relaxation of the Struggle for Existence--The final limitation of the increase in density of population--The increase of vitality--The habituation to progress--The gradual cooerdination of individual with social welfare through (1) Spread and increase of sympathy with the individual on the part of society as a whole; (2) Growth of individual predilections in the direction of harmony with social requirements--Decrease of punishment through (1) Increase in general sympathy; (2) Increase of amenability of the individual to influence--Increase of pleasure in pleasure--The possible egoistic element in sympathy with pain--Criticism of Rolph on Want as necessary to induce action--The moral evolution and emotion--Criticism of Spencer on Altruism--Criticism of Wundt on Evolutional Ethics--The theory that Evolution adds nothing to Ethics--Criticism of Stephen on the impossibility of predicting the course of Evolution--The Moral Evolution as willed--The motives furnished by Evolutional Ethics--The theological doctrine of a "change of heart"--The doctrine of the Atonement--Divine forgiveness--Theology and social evils--The prominence of the idea of self-salvation in Christian doctrine--Human sacrifice among the Jews--Biblical authority for the killing of witches and heretics--The infliction of death for ceremonial offences among the Jews--The visiting of the sins of the fathers upon the children--Slave-holding, adultery, murder, etc., by God's chosen, bloodshed and cruelty of all sorts by God's express command--Animal sacrifice among the Jews--The original idea of Jehovah and of Heaven--The autocracy of the Jewish priesthood confirmed by Christ--Forced exegesis--The asceticism of Christianity--Slavery and the New Testament--Predestination, Hell, and the Justification of the Elect--The defence of Christianity as being a comforting belief 500-528 CHAPTER IX THE IDEAL AND THE WAY OF ITS ATTAINMENT