Criticism of Stephen's assertion that the ideal cannot be determined--The necessity of the choice between evils, under present social conditions--The argument for individual gratification of "natural desire"--Dangers of Utilitarianism--Moral right of the minority and the ethical demand for compensation to the minority--The contest between Individualist and Socialist--Criticism of Spencer on personal vice--Individualistic errors--Socialistic pessimism--The idea of a "return to Nature"--The Socialistic glorification of the laborer--The agitation against machinery--The agitation against luxury--The abolition of luxury and the population question--The proposed change of social "environment"--Socialism at the present date--Arbitrary character of many Socialistic ideas--Criticisms of Bellamy--The idea of a Revolution--Conclusions--The education of the child--The right of the child to state protection--The advantages of parental control--The education of women--The question of prostitution--Monogamy or polygamy?--Temporary contracts--Divorce--The argument that the freedom of women must involve the forfeiture of chivalric feeling in men--The respect for age--Desirable changes in criminal law--Criticism of Bellamy on Crime--The question of Capital Punishment--Arguments for--Arguments against--Conclusions--The conflict between justice and mercy--The supreme arbiter--The courage of Moral Sincerity--Heroic characters--The final destruction of the human species--The loss of belief in personal immortality--The human and earthly ideal 529-581 A REVIEW OF EVOLUTIONAL ETHICS PART I INTRODUCTORY REMARKS In the preface to the latest edition of his "Natuerliche Schoepfungsgeschichte," Haeckel, writing of recent developments of thought on the subject of evolution, and the change of attitude observable in our later literature, says: "The vast mass of literature, yearly increasing in astonishing measure, on the theory of evolution in its various branches, best illustrates the remarkable change which public opinion has undergone. Twenty years ago, the greater part of this literature was in opposition to Darwin; to-day such opposition is not to be feared from well-informed students of science. On the other hand, almost the whole literature of biology now gives testimony in Darwin's favor, for almost all zooelogical, and botanical, anatomic, and ontogenetic works are founded upon the principles of the development of species, and derive from Darwin their best and most fruitful ideas."