A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America)Wellman, John
Science
A Revision of Snakes of the Genus Conophis (Family Colubridae, from Middle America)
Wellman, John
Conophis; Snakes -- Central America
_Diagnosis._--Lateral dark stripe anteriorly passing through eye and
posteriorly involving fourth scale-row only; first scale-row darkly
pigmented; no paravertebral stripe; no dark pigment on vertebral row;
six or eight dark stripes at mid-body, secondary stripes often present
posteriorly; usually eight (sometimes seven) supralabials immaculate
or having dark ventral margins.
_Variation._--Twenty-six specimens have 157 to 169 (163.5 ± 3.59)
ventrals. Twenty of these snakes having complete tails have 60 to 73
(66.5 ± 4.26) subcaudals; the number of ventrals plus subcaudals
varies from 224 to 238 (230.1) in nineteen of these. In 26 specimens
the reduction from 19 to 17 dorsal scale-rows takes place between
ventrals 91 and 107 (100.2 ± 3.59). Sexual dimorphism is evident in
the number of subcaudals; nine females have 60 to 66 (62.4), and 11
males have 68 to 73 (69.8) subcaudals. The largest specimen (AMNH
19643) is a male from "México," having a body length of 626 mm., a
tail length of 168 mm. and a total length of 786 mm. No small
juveniles have been examined; the smallest specimen (AMNH 19618) is a
male from Veracruz, México, having a body length of 325 mm., a tail
length of 90 mm. and a total length of 415 mm.
The greatest variation is in coloration. In preserved specimens the
ground-color is white, tannish-white, or often pale blue, with dark
stripes of black or deep brown present dorsolaterally and laterally.
Secondary stripes of paler brown are sometimes present, but the pale
browns have faded badly on many specimens. Normally four black stripes
are present at mid-body--a lateral pair on the 4th row of dorsal scales
and a dorsolateral pair on the 7th row (fig. 1, D). The lateral pair
is the posterior continuation of the stripe that on the head passes
through the eye; it continues on the nape as a narrow stripe on the
4th row only. In a few specimens the lateral stripe broadens to
include the upper third of the 3rd row posterior to the nape. In some
specimens both the dorsolateral and lateral dark stripes are present
on the nape as a row of elongated spots or dashes that become
continuous stripes of even width one-third to one-half of the distance
posteriorly along the body; in other specimens the stripes are
continuous on the nape. Posterior to the place of dorsal
scale-reduction from 19 to 17 rows by the fusion of the 3rd and 4th
rows, the lateral and dorsolateral stripes are moved downward by one
row. In some specimens secondary black or dark brown stripes are
present in the form of a series of dashes on the 5th and 8th rows;
posterior to the place of scale reduction, these dashes are on the 4th
and 7th rows. These dashes form a continuous stripe near the base of
the tail. On the tail the secondary and primary stripes on adjacent
rows sometimes fuse into a single broader stripe.
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