Some correspondents, following the instructions of their papers, signed the above conditions and more or less conscientiously adhered to them. Others were unwilling to forgo the privileges of the ordinary correspondent, and, in preference to being formally attached to the Russian army, awaited developments and remained within the Russian lines near the border of the neutral territory, where they were tolerated. No foreign correspondents were permitted to remain at Port Arthur. At Newchwang those who made a practice of dodging the censorship, and in their messages betrayed an unintelligent anticipation of events, were requested to leave. The newspaper free-lances for the most part frequented the territory between the Great Wall and the river Liao, and the treaty ports of Chifu and Newchwang, where the newspapers and news agencies already had their own permanent resident representatives. The free correspondents might telegraph as news accounts of things seen, reports of things heard, and statements of imagined events. They were in a better position during the early stages of the war than the accredited correspondents accepted by either the Russian or the Japanese authorities, who were restricted to official communications. Of the actual fighting, most of these saw nothing at all until the battle of Liaoyang at the end of August; there were only Reuter’s representative, Lieut.-Col. Norris-Newman of the _Daily Mail_, and myself at Port Arthur on the occasion of the first bombardment, and only the _Daily Mail_ representative, Col. Emerson and myself, at the battle of Tashichiao. Neither Etzel, who was shot, nor Middleton, who died, ever saw an engagement between the Russians and Japanese, only guerilla encounters of Russians and Chinese, which were of almost daily occurrence. The treatment of the war correspondents by the authorities on both sides indicates that their presence on the field of battle is not only undesired but will not be tolerated. The men who wish to study the human side of the war at first hand, those who wish to witness how the soldiers advance under fire, carry a position, waver, or retreat, will have only accidental opportunities, as their views are not wanted by commanders any more than are the criticisms of independent military experts present at the engagements. In a word, the occupation of the war correspondent has gone. The foreign military _attachés_ do not appear to have been afforded facilities denied to correspondents, and their accounts also must be based largely upon what they hear, supported by topographical knowledge gained by subsequent visits to the lines where the real fighting took place.