A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the EncheiridionEpictetus
Philosophy
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion
Epictetus
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
How then is there left any place for fighting (quarrelling) to a man
who has this opinion (which he ought to have)? Is he surprised at any
thing which happens, and does it appear new to him? Does he not expect
that which comes from the bad to be worse and more grievous than that
what actually befalls him? And does he not reckon as pure gain whatever
they (the bad) may do which falls short of extreme wickedness? Such a
person has reviled you. Great thanks to him for not having struck you.
But he has struck me also. Great thanks that he did not wound you. But
he wounded me also. Great thanks that he did not kill you. For when did
he learn or in what school that man is a tame animal, that men love one
another, that an act of injustice is a great harm to him who does it.
Since then he has not learned this and is not convinced of it, why
shall he not follow that which seems to be for his own interest? Your
neighbor has thrown stones. Have you then done anything wrong? But the
things in the house have been broken. Are you then a utensil? No; but a
free power of will. What then is given to you (to do) in answer to
this? If you are like a wolf, you must bite in return, and throw more
stones. But, if you consider what is proper for a man, examine your
storehouse, see with what faculties you came into the world. Have you
the disposition of a wild beast, have you the disposition of revenge
for an injury? When is a horse wretched? When he is deprived of his
natural faculties, not when he cannot crow like a cock, but when he
cannot run. When is a dog wretched? Not when he cannot fly, but when he
cannot track his game. Is then a man also unhappy in this way, not
because he cannot strangle lions or embrace statues, for he did not
come into the world in the possession of certain powers from nature for
this purpose, but because he has lost his probity and his fidelity?
People ought to meet and lament such a man for the misfortunes into
which he has fallen; not indeed to lament because a man has been born
or has died, but because it has happened to him in his lifetime to have
lost the things which are his own, not that which he received from his
father, not his land and house, and his inn, and his slaves; for not
one of these things is a man’s own, but all belong to others, are
servile, and subject to account ([Greek: hupeithuna]), at different
times given to different persons by those who have them in their power:
but I mean the things which belong to him as a man, the marks (stamps)
in his mind with which he came into the world, such as we seek also on
coins, and if we find them we approve of the coins, and if we do not
find the marks we reject them. What is the stamp on this sestertius?
The stamp of Trajan. Present it. It is the stamp of Nero. Throw it
away; it cannot be accepted, it is counterfeit. So also in this case:
What is the stamp of his opinions? It is gentleness, a sociable
disposition, a tolerant temper, a disposition to mutual affections.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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