A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion — John Shaqi
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the EncheiridionEpictetus
Philosophy
A Selection from the Discourses of Epictetus with the Encheiridion
Epictetus
Philosophy -- Early works to 1800
How then is it said that some external things are according to nature
and others contrary to nature? It is said as it might be said if we
were separated from union (or society): for to the foot I shall say
that it is according to nature for it to be clean; but if you take it
as a foot and as a thing not detached (independent), it will befit it
both to step into the mud and tread on thorns, and sometimes to be cut
off for the good of the whole body; otherwise it is no longer a foot.
We should think in some such way about ourselves also. What are you? A
man. If you consider yourself as detached from other men, it is
according to nature to live to old age, to be rich, to be healthy. But
if you consider yourself as a man and a part of a certain whole, it is
for the sake of that whole that at one time you should be sick, at
another time take a voyage and run into danger, and at another time be
in want, and in some cases die prematurely. Why then are you troubled?
Do you not know, that as a foot is no longer a foot if it is detached
from the body, so you are no longer a man if you are separated from
other men. For what is a man? A part of a state, of that first which
consists of gods and of men; then of that which is called next to it,
which is a small image of the universal state. What then must I be
brought to trial; must another have a fever, another sail on the sea,
another die, and another be condemned? Yes, for it is impossible in
such a universe of things, among so many living together, that such
things should not happen, some to one and others to others. It is your
duty then since you are come here, to say what you ought, to arrange
these things as it is fit. Then some one says, “I shall charge you with
doing me wrong.” Much good may it do you: I have done my part; but
whether you also have done yours, you must look to that; for there is
some danger of this too, that it may escape your notice.
OF INDIFFERENCE.—The hypothetical proposition is indifferent: the
judgment about it is not indifferent, but it is either knowledge or
opinion or error. Thus life is indifferent: the use is not indifferent.
When any man then tells you that these things also are indifferent, do
not become negligent; and when a man invites you to be careful (about
such things), do not become abject and struck with admiration of
material things. And it is good for you to know your own preparation
and power, that in those matters where you have not been prepared, you
may keep quiet, and not be vexed, if others have the advantage over
you. For you too in syllogisms will claim to have the advantage over
them; and if others should be vexed at this, you will console them by
saying, “I have learned them, and you have not.” Thus also where there
is need of any practice, seek not that which is acquired from the need
(of such practice), but yield in that matter to those who have had
practice, and be yourself content with firmness of mind.
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