Etruria as well as Greece sent artists to Rome, and the conjunction of the methods used in the two countries produced Roman art. “The Romans took from the Etruscans the semicircular arch, formed of jointed stones; from the populations of the Campagna they obtained the general arrangement of sacred edifices, the Greek orders, the distribution and decoration of private dwellings. They drew thus from two different sources, and endeavoured to unite two principles diametrically opposed to one another—the principle of the Greek lintel and the Etruscan arch. In doing this they show clearly that their ideas upon the arts were but little better than those of pirates, whose acts are actuated by pride rather than by taste, and who adorn themselves in spoils of distinctly different origin, the mingling of which produces unseemly contrasts.”[3] [3] Entretiens sur l’Architecture. [Illustration: COLUMN. ENTABLATURE. PEDESTAL. BASE. SHAFT. CAPITAL ARCHITRAVE FRIEZE. CORNICE. WASH. OVOLO. ASTRAGAL. CORONA. ASTRAGAL. CYMA REVERSA. TENIA. FACIA. ABACUS. OVOLO. NECK. ASTRAGAL. FILLET. TORUS. PLINTH. TUSCAN. DORIC. THE ROMAN ORDERS.] Illustration: IONIC. CORINTHIAN. THE ROMAN ORDERS.] [Illustration: COMPOSITE.] In fact, the Greek orders, modified to suit the taste of the Romans, and combined with the Etruscan arch and vault, formed the basis of all Roman architecture. The scale of their buildings, however, was vastly greater than that of those upon which they were modelled. The colonnades of their palaces and the arcades of their aqueducts were to be measured by the mile, the vaults of their baths were of prodigious span, and, in general size and number, the edifices erected by the Romans exceeded anything which had come before them. The Roman orders were five in number, namely, the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. The Tuscan we have already examined. The Doric was somewhat more elaborate, having additional mouldings in the capital and base, and the triglyph ornament in the frieze. The Ionic and Corinthian were but modifications of the corresponding Greek orders. The Composite was of the same proportion as the Corinthian, the capital being a combination of the Ionic and Corinthian. The Corinthian order was the most generally used, its rich character suiting the ostentatious ideas of the Romans. The superposition of columns was a common method of indicating different stories, and different orders were often employed where different-sized columns occurred in the same building. In plan the Roman buildings were rectangular, polygonal, and circular, or combinations of these geometrical forms. The materials used were local stone, imported marbles and alabaster, and bricks, which were flatter and longer than the form employed at the present day. The Romans excelled in their mortars and cements, which were of a strength sufficient to make their walls virtually of one mass.