Benedictines, 28 _Beneficium_, 19 Bergeyck, Count of, 128 Berlin, 179 von Beseler, 173 f. Béthune, city of, 65; Count Robert of, 65 Bibliography, 183 Binche, 47 Bishoprics, of Arras, Boulogne, Cambrai, Tournai, 14, 34 Bishops: Amandus, Eligius, Hubert, Lambert, 14; of Ghent, 151; guardians of the faith, 105; leaders, 176; literary movement developed by Lotharingian, 31; of Noyon-Tournai, of Arras, and Terouanne, 23; servants of empire no longer, 22; work of missionaries completed by, 14. Bismarck, 161 von Bissing, 178 Boendale, Jan, 89 Bois-le-Duc, 105 Bollandists, Society of, 136 Boniface VIII, Pope, 64 Borms, 179 Bossche, Peter Vanden, 72 Bouillon, lord of, 95 Boulogne, 29 Bourgeois, 36 Bouts, Thierry, 91 Bouvines, victory of, 58 Brabançonne, the national anthem, 153 Brabant: Antoine, Duke of, 75; Duke of, 41, 66; Duke of, became Leopold II, 165; Duke of resisted French influence, 58; leader in struggle against Spain, 116; victory of, 60 Brabant, Duchess Jeanne of, 75 Brabant, duchy of, 8, 19, 33; agricultural, 39; under Austria, 130; cloth industry in, 46; communes in, 43; enemy of Limburg, 20; Joyeuse Entrée of, 66, 137; leading power, 58; led struggle against Spain, 61; new name in history, 22; political center, 25; province of, 19, 50; revolution of 1789, 152 Brabantine Revolution, 137 _Brabantsche Yeesten_, 89 Breda, 112 Bremen, 30 “Brethren of Common Life,” 89 Broglie, de, Monsignor, 151 Brogne, St. Gerard of, 27 Brogueville, Baron Charles de, 170 Bruges: cloth industry of, 46; commercial metropolis, 44; crowded market-place, 45; diocese of, 105; financial center, 45, 85; la “morte,” 86; meeting-place for merchants, 37; revolt in, 80; road between Cologne and, 43 f.; town hall of, 54; wool market, 84 Bruno, duke of Lotharingia, 21 Brussels, 39, 46, 60, 138; attack on, by Prince Frederick, 152; Geographical Conference, 167; German minister to, presented ultimatum, 170 f.; railway to Malines, 164 Buffer state, 145 von Bülow, 172 Burgers, 36 Burgesses, 36, 40, 47, 69, 135, 143 Burgomasters, 176 f. Burgundians, 11 Burgundy: duchy of, 92; dukes of, 72-74 ff., 78, 92; house of, 75; Philip the Bold, duke of, 75; religious reform originated in French, 27 Caesar, Julius: attacked the Belgians, 8 Cahors, 45 Calais, 174 Calvinists, 107, 110 f., 114 Cambrai, 14, 19, 95; archbishopric of, 105; and Cambrésis acquired by France, 126; commune established in, 42; school of, 34; wharves at, 37 Campine, 9, 28, 49, 143 Campo Formio, treaty of, 142 Canal: connecting Bruges and Damme, 45; from Mons to Condé, 172 Canals, 30 Canche River, 24 _Cantilène de Ste. Eulalie_, oldest poem of French literature, 33 Capetians, 70 Carmelites, 122 Castlereagh, Lord, 148 Castles, 39 Castra, 39 _Casus, belli_, 164 Cathedrals, 31 f. Catholic church, 97; faith, 15, 102; followers persecuted, 142; League, 118; worship restored, 143 Catholics and Liberals, in power, 164; union of, 152 Cattle-raising, 31