Le Cateau, 172 L’Ecluse, French fleet destroyed at, 71 Leeuwarden, diocese of, 105 _Leliaerts_, 63 Leman, General, 171 Leopold I, 158; married Louise-Marie, daughter of Louis-Philippe, 163; strong influence, 164 Leopold II, 140, 163, 165 ff. Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Goburg-Gotha, 155 _Le Patriote_, 178 Liberals, and Catholics united, 152; in power, 164 Liberty of conscience, 108 “Libre Belgique,” 178 Libri, editor, 153 Liège: center of literary life in Lotharingia, 33; city of, 39, 42, 47, 51, 77; civilization and institutions of, 6; defended, 171; ecclesiastical principality, 19; liberty of, 65, 92; occupied by French, 141; occupied by Germans, 171; palace of bishop-princes at, 127; not a part of the Netherlands, 6; in power of Franks, 10; principality of, 6, 59; resistance of, 172; revolt of, 141; river wharves at, 37; St. James’s Church at, 31 Lille, 38, 65 Limburg, 10, 59; annexed by Brabant, 60; under Austria, 130; county of, 19; divided, 125; enemy of Brabant, 20; people of, 33 Linen, manufactured in Flanders, 38; under “Saisie,” 180 Lion of Flanders, 62 Lipsius, Justus, 123 Literary influence, French rather than German, 34 Lombardy, 45 Loncin, fort of, 171 London, 37 Lorraine: Reform of Cluny originated in, 27; regained independence, 92; taken by Charles the Bold, 77 Lotharingia, 1-5, 18; annexed to Germany, 18, 20, 21; in contact with France and England, 56; destruction of German influence in, 28, 33; Duke of, 21, 27; influence of German Empire in, 25; religious reform in, 27 Lotharius, eldest son of Emperor Louis, 17; death of, 18 Lotharius II, 18 Louis, Emperor, son of Charles the Great, 17 Louis of Male, 72 Louis of Nevers, 72 Louis-Philippe, son of, 155 Louis XI, King of France, 76, 92 Louis XIV, 125 Louise, of Orléans, 156; Marie, 163 Louvain, 22, 39, 41, 60, 172; town hall of, 82; University of, 75 Ludendorff, 171 _Ludwigslied_, 33 Luther, Martin, 97 Lutherans, 107, 110 Luxemburg: agricultural region, 47; under Austria, 130; city of, 51; Count of, 60; duchy of, 19; famous for princes, 68; on friendly terms with Namur, 20; house of, 75; population, 67; revolt of peasants, 143 Lys, River, 13 Machines and machine tools, taken by Germans, 180 Madrid, 109 Maestricht, 29; river wharves at, 37; road through, 39; sovereignty over, 125; town of, 156 Mainz, Cathedral of, 31 Malines: archbishopric of, 105; city of, 39; rivaled Flemish cities, 46; railway to Brussels, 164 Marck, Adolf de la, 65; family of, 95 Margareta, Duchess of Parma, 103, 106 Maria, of Hungary, 146 Maria Theresa, empress, 132; heirs of, 165 Marie-Henriette, of Austria, 165 “Marine-gebiet,” coast defense, 175 Marmion, Simon, of Valenciennes, 91 Marne, 173 Marseilles, 46 Martens, Thierry, of Alost, 89 Martin V, Pope, 92 Martyrdom, 181 Mary, of Burgundy, 92 “Master of Flémalle,” 91 Mathias, Archduke, 114 “Matins of Bruges, The,” _Matines brugeoises_, 63 Max, mayor of capital, 176 Maximilian of Hapsburg, 93, 163