Philip, the Fair, 61, 93, 94; invaded Flanders, 63 Philip II, 99; of Spain, King of Netherlands, 100 ff. Philip IV, of France, 41 Philip de Saint-Pol, 75 Philippe, Count of Flanders, 163 Physiocrats, 134 Picard, Romance literature written in, 51 Picardy, 30, 92 Pirenne, Henri, 2 _Placarts_, 97 ff., 107 Place du Sablon, 111 Place Royal, Prince Frederick stopped by Belgian Volunteers, 153 _Poésie bourgeoise_, 51 Poitou, 45 “Polders,” 38, 48, 83 Political: conditions, 23, 26; hegemony, 50; tendencies, 68 Politics, 56 Population, 47 Pragmatic Sanction, 131 f. Premontrés, 28 Prés, Josquin de, 91 Priests, 36 Printing, 89 “Prix du Roi,” 167 Protectorate, 147 Protestant, 150 Protestantism, 97, 102 Provence, trade with Bruges, 45 Provisional government, 154 Prussia, coins of Flanders in, 37; expedition against, 69 Puteanus, Erycius, 123 Pyrenees, 8; treaty of, 126 Queretaro, 163 Raab, 12 Railway, Belgium built first on the Continent, 164 Rastadt, treaty of, 128 Rathenau, Walther, 180 Ré, island of, 142 Reconstruction, 121 Referendum, 142 Reform, of civil and criminal law, 122 Religious conditions, 26 Renaud, of Gueldre, 60 Republic, 8 Republique des États Belgiques unis, 138 f. Revival of trade, 36 Revolt: of 1566, 110; of 1830, 145 Revolution of 1830, 4 Rhine, 22, 23, 59; princes from left bank of, 5; traffic between, and Bruges, 59 Richelieu, Cardinal, 125, 146 _Rinehart the Fox_, 51 Ripuarians, 10 Risquons-Tout, 164 Rivers, 13; wharves and winter quarters established, 37 Rixensart, 49 Robber barons, 67 Rodolphe, Emperor, 114 Rogier, Charles, 153 f. Rolduc, 125 Roman army, 8 Romance, basilica, 32; ideas, 31; literary movement, 14, 51; occupation, 4 Rubens, Peter Paul, 122 Ruremonde, 105 Russia, coins oi Flanders in, 37 St. Amand, Abbey of, 32 St. Gerard, of Brogne, 26 Saint Gudula, church of, 47, 53 Saint Jean d’Acre, siege of, 57 St. John’s church, at Ghent, 53 Saint Just, monastery of, 100 St. Lambert, school of, 34 St. Mary, school of, 34 Saint Omer, 29; diocese of, 105 St. Servatius, 14 Saint-Trond, 39, 46; city of, 47; freedom of, 42 “Saisie,” 180 Salians, 10 Sambre River, 68, 172; battle of, 172 “Sans-culottes,” 142 von Sauberzweig, 176 Scheldt, the River, 13, 17, 18, 22, 24, 32, 110; attempted opening of, 133, 147; commercial intercourse with Thames, 37; freed from Dutch control, 143; inundations of, 86; tolls of the, 164; trade by, 39 _Schepenbank_, 41 von Schroeder, Admiral, 175 Science, 166 Scientists, Belgian, 167 Sculptors, 31 Sculpture, 90; of Dijon, 91 Sedan, 167; lord of, 95 Senate, Belgian, 165 f. Separation, of Belgium and Holland, 153 “Serfs,” 29, 37, 48 Seventeen Provinces, 95 f., 112 Sheep-raising, 38 Sienna, 45 Sigebert, of Gembloux, historical work, 34 Silesia, 30 Sluter, Claus, 90 Social welfare, 167 Somme, cities of the, 92 Spain: Leopold II visited, 166; trade with Bruges, 45 “Spanish Fury,” 113 Spanish Inquisition, 104 f.