A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume 1 of 2: Third edition, Revised and Expanded, in two volumesRobertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Religion
A Short History of Freethought Ancient and Modern, Volume 1 of 2: Third edition, Revised and Expanded, in two volumes
Robertson, J. M. (John Mackinnon)
Free thought -- History
§ 1. Heresy in Byzantium. Iconoclasm. Leo. Photius.
Michael. The early Paulicians 277
§ 2. Critical Heresy in the West. Vergilius.
Claudius. Agobard. John Scotus. The case of
Gottschalk. Berengar. Roscelin. Nominalism and
Realism. Heresy in Florence and in France 282
§ 3. Popular Anti-Clerical Heresy. The Paulicians
(Cathari) in Western Europe: their anticipation
of Protestantism. Abuses of the Church and
papacy. Vogue of anti-clerical heresy. Peter
de Brueys. Eudo. Paterini. Waldenses 291
§ 4. Heresy in Southern France. The crusade against
Albigensian heresy. Arrest of Provençal
civilization: Rise and character of the
Inquisition 299
§ 5. Freethought in the Schools. The problem set to
Anselm. Roscelin. Nominalism and Realism.
Testimony of Giraldus Cambrensis: Simon of
Tournay. William of Conches. Abailard. John of
Salisbury 307
§ 6. Saracen and Jewish Influences. Maimonides. Ibn
Ezra. Averroïsts. Amalrich. David of Dinant.
Thomas Aquinas. Unbelief at Paris University.
Suppressive action of the Church. Judicial
torture 315
§ 7. Freethought in Italy. Anti-clericalism in
Florence. Frederick II. Michael Scotus. Dante's
views. Pietro of Abano. Brunetto Latini. Cecco
Stabili. Boccaccio. Petrarch. Averroïsm 322
§ 8. Sects and Orders. Italian developments. The
Brethren of the Free Spirit. Beghards, etc.
Franciscans. Humiliati. Abbot Joachim.
Segarelli and Dolcino 331
§ 9. Thought in Spain. Arab influences. Heresy under
Alfonso X. The first Inquisition. Arnaldo of
Villanueva. Enrique IV. Pedro do Osma. The New
Inquisition. The causes of Spanish evolution 337
§ 10. Thought in England. Roger Bacon. Chaucer.
Items in Piers Ploughman. Lollardry. Wiclif 342
§ 11. Thought in France. François de Rues. Jean de
Meung. Reynard the Fox. Paris university. The
sects. The Templars. William of Occam. Marsiglio.
Pierre Aureol. Nominalism and Realism. "Double
truth." Unbelief in the Paris schools 351
§ 12. Thought in the Teutonic Countries. The
Minnesingers. Walter der Vogelweide. Master
Eckhart. Sects. The Imitatio Christi 361
Chap. X--Freethought in the Renaissance
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