Produced by Alison Hadwin and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net [Transcriber's Note: Original spellings have been retained, including those that are inconsistent within the document. An error in the Table of Contents has been corrected from page 154 to page 156.] A SHORT HISTORY OF SPAIN BY MARY PLATT PARMELE ILLUSTRATED NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1906 COPYRIGHT, 1898, BY MARY PLATT PARMELE COPYRIGHT, 1898, 1906, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS [Illustration: From the portrait by Titian. Charles V.] PREFACE. In presenting this book to the public the author can only reiterate what she has already said in works of a similar kind: that she has tried to exclude the mass of confusing details which often make the reading of history a dreary task; and to keep closely to those facts which are vital to the unfolding of the narrative. This is done under a strong conviction that the essential facts in history are those which reveal and explain the development of a nation, rather than the incidents, more or less entertaining, which have attended such development. And also under another conviction: that a little, thoroughly comprehended, is better than much imperfectly remembered and understood. M.P.P NEW YORK. _June 15, 1898._ CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Ancient Iberia--The Basques--The Keltberians--The Phenicians--Cadiz Founded, 1 CHAPTER II. Struggle between Phenicians and Assyrians--Founding of Carthage--Decline of Phenicia--Rise of Roman Power--First Punic War, 9 CHAPTER III. Hamilcar--Hannibal--Siege and Fall of Saguntum--Rome Invades Spain--Scipio's Policy--Cadiz, (Gades) Surrendered to the Romans--By What Steps IBERIA Became SPAIN--Fall of Carthaginian Power--How Spain Became a Roman Province, 15 CHAPTER IV. Sertorius--Story of the White Hind--Rome Fights Her Own Battles on Spanish Soil--Battle of Munda--Caesar Declared Dictator--The Ides of March--Octavius Augustus--Spain Latinized--Four Hundred Years of Peace, 24 CHAPTER V. Northern Races in the History of Civilization--Roman Empire Expiring--Ataulfus--Attila and the Huns--Theodoric--Evaric Completes Conquest of Spanish Peninsula--Europe Teutonized--Difference between Anglo-Saxon and Latin Races, 30 CHAPTER VI. Ulfilas--Arianism--The Spanish Language--Brunhilde--Leovigild--His Son's Apostasy--Arianism Ceases to be the Established Religion of Spain, 39 CHAPTER VII. Toledo--Church of Santa Maria--Wamba, 45 CHAPTER VIII. Decline of Visigoths--Roderick--Count Julian's Treachery--Mahommedanism--Tarif--Prophecy Found in the Enchanted Tower--Tarik--Roderick's Defeat and Death--Moslem Empire Established in Spain, 50