CHAPTER XVI. Death of Juan II.--Enrique IV.--Isabella--Her Marriage with Ferdinand of Aragon--Isabella Crowned Queen of Castile--Ferdinand, King of Aragon--The Two Crowns United--Characteristics of the Two Sovereigns--The Inquisition Created--Jews Driven out of the Kingdom--Abdul-Hassan's Defiance--Zahara--Family Troubles at the Alhambra--Ayesha and Boabdil--Alhama Captured by Ferdinand--Boabdil Supplants His Father--Massacre of the Abencerrages--Granada Besieged--Its Capitulation--Moorish Rule Ended in Spain, 100 CHAPTER XVII. Columbus and Isabella--Isabella's Private Griefs--Her Death--Charles, King under a Regency--Charles Elected Emperor of Germany--Spain during His Reign--Cruelties in the East and in the West--Vain Struggle with Protestantism--Abdication and Death of Charles, 108 CHAPTER XVIII. Philip II.--Union of Spain and Portugal--The Duke of Alva in the Netherlands--War with England--Spanish Armada Destroyed--Death of Philip II.--Spain's Decline--Glory of the Name "Castilian," 117 CHAPTER XIX. Philip III.--Rebellion of the Moriscos--Last of the Moors Conveyed to African Coast--Don Quixote--Philip IV.--Louis XIV. Marries Spanish Infanta--A Diminishing Kingdom--Carlos II.--First Collision between Anglo-Saxon and Spaniard in America--Close of Hapsburg Dynasty in Spain, 125 CHAPTER XX. New European Conditions--Louis XIV.--War of the "Spanish Succession"--Marlborough Checks Louis at Blenheim--Archduke Abandons Sovereignty in Spain--Peace of Utrecht--Further Dismemberment of Spain--Gibraltar Passes to England--Bourbon Dynasty--Commences with Philip V.--Ferdinand VI.--Carlos III.--Expulsion of the Jesuits, 131 CHAPTER XXI. A Dismantled Kingdom--Spanish-American Colonies--England and France at War over American Boundaries--Spain the Ally of France--Loss of Some of Her West India Islands, and Capture of Havana and Manila by British--Florida Given in Exchange for Return of Conquered Territory--Growing Irritation against England--France Aids American Colonies in War with England--Spain's Satisfaction at Their Success--Its Effect in Peru--Revolution in France--Rapid Rise of Napoleon--Carlos IV. Removed and Joseph Bonaparte King--Spain Joins Napoleon in War against England--Trafalgar--Arthur Wellesley--Joseph Flees from His Kingdom, 137 CHAPTER XXII. Liberal Sentiment Developing--Constitution of 1812--Ferdinand VI. and Reactionary Measures--Revolt of all the Spanish-American Colonies--The Holy Alliance--The Monroe Doctrine--Revolution in Spain--Spain under the Protectorate of the Holy Alliance--Ferdinand Reinstated--Two Political Parties--Six Spanish-American Colonies Freed, 144