Sacrifice, 102, 103, 167, 174, 182, 186, 211, 212. (_Cf._ also Blood sacrifice, Human sacrifice) Sagas, 106 Saghalien, 404 Sailing ships, 91, 336 St. Angelo, castle of, 312 St. Helena, 407 St. Sophia, church of, 238 Saladin, 272, 432 Salamis, battle of, 180, 430 Salamis, bay of, 136 Salerno, 282 Samarkand, 256, 297 Samnites, 430 Samos, 129 Samson, 116 Samurai, 401 San Francisco, 383 Sandstones, 26 Sanskrit, 95, 107, 156 Sapor I, 430 Saracens, 264, 265, 297 Saratoga, 338 Sardanapalus (Assurbanipal), 98, 109, 111 Sardinia, 182, 185, 232, 309, 351, 390 Sardis, 98 Sargon I, 90, 92, 109, 122, 429 Sargon II, 97, 109, 429 Sarmatians, 100 Sassanid dynasty, 227, 241, 430 Saturn (planet), 2, 3 Saul, King of Israel, 118, 429 Saul of Tarsus. (_See_ Paul, St.)" _Savannah_, steamship, 258 Savoy, 334, 351, 390 Saxons, 230, 265 Saxony, Elector of, 310 Scandinavians, 329 Scarabeus beetle, 209 Scheldt, 344 Schmalkaldic League, 312 Science, 144 Science and religion, 243 Science, exploitation of, 362 Science, physical, 412 Scientific societies, 322 Scipio Africanus, 182, 187 Scorpion, sea, 13, 18, 23 Scotland, 306, 307 Scott, Michael, 282 Scythia, 429 Scythians, 100, 108, 134, 135 Sea trade, 91 Sea worms, 13 Seasons, the, 68 Seaweed, 13 Sedan, 391 Seed-bearing trees, 26 Seleucid dynasty, 183, 186, 196, 199 Seleucus I, 149, 163 Seljuks, 267, 268, 272, 432 Semites and Semitic peoples, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 107, 115 , 122, 134, 174, 233, 256, 258 Semitic language, 202, 243 Sennacherib, 97 Serapeum, 211, 213 Serapis, 211, 212 Serbia, 179, 200, 227, 228, 292, 354, 411 Serfdom, 207 Seven Years’ War, 434 Severus, Septimius, 202 Seville, 202, 213, 302 Shang dynasty, 103, 168 Sheep, 77 Shell necklaces, 56 Shellfish, 13 Shells, as protection against drying, 18 Sherman, General, 387, 388 Shi Hwang-ti, 173, 180, 430 Shimonoseki, Straits of, 402 Shipbuilding, 359, 360, 400 Ships, 91, 119, 122, 149, 180, 196, 320, 322, 336 Shishak, 119 Shrubs, 16 Shumanism, 298 Siam, 166 Siberia, 334 Siberia, Eastern, 419 Siberian railway, 403, 409 Sicilies, Two, 287 Sicily, 108, 122, 129, 134, 178, 179, 182, 185, 188, 323, 263, 279, 280 Sidon, 92, 122, 123, 134, 147 Silurian system, 19 Silver, 80, 102, 335 Sind, 394 Sirmium, 227 Skins, use of; for clothing, 56 for writing, 75; inflated as boats, 91 Skull, Rhodesian, 52 Slavery (and slaves), 94, 102 , 188, 191, 194, 203 _et seq._, 236, 320, 337, 373, 374, 384-86, 388, 430, 433 Slavonic language, 236 Slavs, 263, 265 Smelting, 87, 104, 322 Smith, Adam, 377 Smith, Eliot, 69 Snakes, 27, 28 Social reform, 125 Socialism, 371, 416, 417, 434 Socialists, 375 _et seq._ Socialists, primitive, 374 Society, primitive, 60 Socrates, 140 Solomon, King, 119, 122, 127, 429 Solomon’s temple, 119 Sophists, 140 Sophocles, 139 South Carolina, 385 Soviets, 417 Space, the world in, 1 _et seq._