World War, 1914-1918 -- Personal narratives, American
Scores of newspapers are displayed on the news-stands, and there are
some that are not displayed at all, but are circulated none the less.
Most of these papers have only four pages and some have only two. They
are supported not by subscriptions or sales, much less by advertising.
The political group which each represents does the supporting.
With all these warring political parties represented in the Chamber of
Deputies, it is a wonder that anything in the way of legislation is
effected. But the French people managed very well, until the war. Then
it was time to call a truce. But no prime minister before Clemenceau
was able to bring about a truce.
Clemenceau, who had been out of office for some years, thundered away
in his paper, _L’Homme Libre_, the _Free Man_, excoriating, abusing,
calling down invectives on all party leaders alike. The mildest term
he applied to President Poincaré was Nero. The censor suppressed
one issue of the _Free Man_ cutting out everything in it except the
head-lines. Clemenceau changed the name of his paper to the _Man in
Chains_. The censor ignored him for a time and he changed it again to
the _Man Less Chained_.
Everybody read the paper, because it was so brilliantly written,
especially the two columns of invective which Clemenceau signed every
day. Nevertheless, it was a scandal. Nobody was spared. The “Tiger”
respected nor wealth nor power.
Things were at a troublous pass in France during the year 1917. The
war did not approach an end. There was a serious shortage of fuel.
Agricultural affairs were in a tangle. Russia, which owed France vast
sums of money, had collapsed. Traitors were abroad in the land. While
the real France fought gloriously, immortally at Verdun, and at Ypres,
the politicians in the capital wrangled the hours away.
People began to say, “We must have a strong government. There must be
unity. Who is the man to give it to us?” One after another man they
tried, splendid men. Ribot, the diplomat, the grand old aristocrat,
who could talk familiarly with kings, the man who had made the
Franco-Russian alliance. Painlevé, the intellectual, one of the
greatest mathematicians in Europe. Other statesmen. One by one they
had fallen. Clemenceau was usually responsible for their fall. He kept
after them until they got too unpopular to last. He is said, in the
course of his entire career, to have wrecked sixteen ministries and he
certainly removed one president.
People began to say: “That man Clemenceau, that ‘Tiger,’ who has been
such a firebrand, such a thorn in the side of all the governments,
that man has usually been right in his judgments. He was right about
Salonica. We should never have sent General Sarrail there. He was
needed for France. Clemenceau said so at the time, and he was right.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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