Produced by Lee Dawei, Dave Maddock and Online Distributed Proofreaders A STUDY OF ASSOCIATION IN INSANITY BY GRACE HELEN KENT, A.M. AND A.J. ROSANOFF, M.D. KINGS PARK STATE HOSPITAL, N.Y. TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. ASSOCIATION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS. §1. Method of Investigation §2. The Normal Standard §3. The Frequency Tables §4. Normal Associational Tendencies §5. Practical Considerations §6. An Empirical Principle of Normal Association PART II. ASSOCIATION IN INSANE SUBJECTS. §1. General Survey of Pathological Material §2. Classification of Reactions §3. Non-Specific Reactions; Doubtful Reactions §4. Individual Reactions; Explanation of Groups and Methods of Application Normal Reactions Pathological Reactions Derivatives of Stimulus Words Partial Dissociation Non-Specific Reactions Sound Reactions Word Complements Particles of Speech Complete Dissociation Perseveration Neologisms Unclassified Reactions Normal Reactions Circumstantial Reactions Distraction Incoherent Reactions §5. Order of Preference §6. Errors Involved in the Use of Arbitrary Objective Standards §7. Analysis of Pathological Material Dementia Præcox Paranoic Conditions Epilepsy General Paresis Manic-Depressive Insanity Involutional Melancholia; Alcoholic Dementia; Senile Dementia §8. Pathological Reactions from Normal Subjects §9. Number of Different Words given as Reactions §10. Co-operation of the Subject §11. Summary Acknowledgments INDEX TO FREQUENCY TABLES AND APPENDIX THE FREQUENCY TABLES APPENDIX TO THE FREQUENCY TABLES PART I. ASSOCIATION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS. Among the most striking and commonly observed manifestations of insanity are certain disorders of the flow of utterance which appear to be dependent upon a derangement of the psychical processes commonly termed association of ideas. These disorders have to some extent been made the subject of psychological experimentation, and the object of this investigation is to continue and extend the study of these phenomena by an application of the experimental method known as the association test. § 1. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION. In this investigation we have followed a modified form of the method developed by Sommer,[1] the essential feature of which is the statistical treatment of results obtained by uniform technique from a large number of cases. [Footnote 1: Diagnostik der Geisteskrankheiten, p. 112.]