A Study of Association in InsanityKent, Grace Helen
Science
A Study of Association in Insanity
Kent, Grace Helen
Association of ideas; Psychology, Pathological
We sought, therefore, to formulate a classification in which the
various groups should be so defined as to obviate the interference of
personal equation in the work of applying it, hoping thus to achieve
greater accuracy. In this we can lay claim to only partial success;
for, in the first place, having satisfactorily defined a number of
groups, we found it necessary in the end to provide a special group
for unclassified reactions, into which falls more than one-third of
the total number of individual reactions; and, in the second place, in
at least two of our groups the play of personal equation has not been
entirely eliminated, so that there is still a possibility of error to
the extent of five per cent of individual reactions, which means
approximately one per cent of the total number of reactions. We have
found, however, that in spite of these shortcomings the classification
here proposed is more serviceable than others which, though more
comprehensive, are at the same time lacking in definiteness.
Our classification consists of the following classes, groups and
subdivisions:
I. _Common reactions._
1. Specific reactions.
2. Non-specific reactions.
II. _Doubtful reactions._
III. _Individual reactions._
1. Normal reactions.
2. Pathological reactions:
A. Derivatives of stimulus words.
B. Partial dissociation:
(a) Non-specific reactions.
(b) Sound reactions:
a. Words.
b. Neologisms.
(c) Word complements.
(d) Particles of speech.
C. Complete dissociation:
(a) Perseveration:
a. Association to preceding stimulus.
b. Association to preceding reaction.
c. Repetition of preceding stimulus.
d. Repetition of previous stimulus.
e. Repetition of preceding reaction.
f. Repetition of previous reaction.
g. Reaction repeated five times (stereotypy).
(b) Neologisms without sound relation.
3. Unclassified.
§ 3. NON-SPECIFIC REACTIONS; DOUBTFUL REACTIONS.
*Non-specific Reactions.*--It has already been intimated that common
reactions are in the vast majority of instances to be regarded as
normal. From amongst them, however, a fairly definite group can be
separated out which seems to possess some pathological significance,
namely, the group which we have termed non-specific.
In this group are placed words which are so widely applicable as to
serve as more or less appropriate reactions to almost any of our
stimulus words. That such reactions are in value inferior to the
remaining group of common reactions, which we have termed, in
contradistinction, _specific reactions_, is perhaps sufficiently
obvious; we shall speak later, however, of their occurrence in both
normal and insane cases.
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