Produced by Jeannie Howse, Henry Craig and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) * * * * * +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Transcriber's Note: | | | | Inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has | | been preserved. | | | | In the equations, superscripted characters are marked | | with ^'s, and subscripted characters are marked with | | _ (underscore) in front. | | | | Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. For | | a complete list, please see the end of this document. | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------+ * * * * * A STUDY OF RECENT EARTHQUAKES. BY CHARLES DAVISON, Sc.D., F.G.S. AUTHOR OF "THE HEREFORD EARTHQUAKE OF DECEMBER 17TH, 1896." WITH 80 ILLUSTRATIONS London and Newcastle-on-Tyne: THE WALTER SCOTT PUBLISHING CO., LTD. 1905 PREFACE. The present volume differs from a text-book of seismology in giving brief, though detailed, accounts of individual earthquakes rather than a discussion of the phenomena and distribution of earthquakes in general. At the close of his _Les Tremblements de Terre_, Professor Fouqué has devoted a few chapters to some of the principal earthquakes between 1854 and 1887; and there are also the well-known chapters in Lyell's _Principles of Geology_ dealing with earthquakes of a still earlier date. With these exceptions, there is no other work covering the same ground; and he who wishes to study any particular earthquake can only do so by reading long reports or series of papers written perhaps in several different languages. The object of this volume is to save him this trouble, and to present to him the facts that seem most worthy of his attention. The chapter on the Japanese earthquake is reprinted, with a few slight additions, from a paper published in the _Geographical Journal_, and I am indebted to the editor, not only for the necessary permission, but also for his courtesy in furnishing me with _clichés_ of the blocks which illustrated the original paper. The editor of _Knowledge_ has also allowed me to use a paper which appeared four years ago as the foundation of the ninth chapter in this book. CHARLES DAVISON. BIRMINGHAM, _January, 1905._ CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE