A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns.Chadwick, Edwin
History
A supplementary report on the results of a special inquiry into the practice of interment in towns.
Chadwick, Edwin
Burial; Cemeteries -- Great Britain; Mortality -- Statistics; Public health -- Great Britain; Working class -- Great Britain
When Parent Duchâtelet appeals to and gives such prominence to the
instance of the disinterments from the churchyard of St. Innocens,
and states that they took place without any injurious consequences,
although at last all precautions in the mode of disinterring were
thrown aside, and that it occurred during the hottest season of the
year, and therefore that the putrid emanations might be believed to
be in their most powerful and injurious state, I would reply to this
by asking the simple question, what occasion was there for the
disinterment? Parent Duchâtelet maintains complete silence on this
point; but to me the following notices appear worthy of attention.
In the year 1554, Houlier and Fernel, and in the year 1738, Lemery,
Geoffroy, and Hunaud, raised many complaints of this churchyard; and
the two first had asserted that, during the plague, the disease had
lingered longest in the neighbourhood of the Cimetière de la
Trinité, and that there the greatest number had fallen a sacrifice.
In the years 1737 and 1746 the inhabitants of the houses round the
churchyard of St. Innocens complained loudly of the revolting stench
to which they were exposed. In the year 1755 the matter again came
into notice: the inspector who was intrusted with the inquiry,
himself saw the vapour rising from a large common grave, and
convinced himself of the injurious effects of this vapour on the
inhabitants of the neighbouring house.[1] “Often,” says the author
of a paper which we have before often alluded to, “the complexions
of the young people who remain in this neighbourhood grow pale. Meat
sooner becomes putrid there than elsewhere, and many persons cannot
get accustomed to these houses.” In the year 1779, in a cemetery
which yearly received from 2000 to 3000 corpses, they dug an immense
common grave near to that part of the cemetery which touches upon
the Rue de la Lingerie. The grave was 50 feet deep, and made to
receive from 1500 to 1600 bodies. But in February, 1780, the whole
of the cellars in the street were no longer fit to use. Candles were
extinguished by the air in these cellars; and those who only
approached the apertures were immediately seized with the most
alarming attacks. The evil was only diminished on the bodies being
covered with half a foot of lime, and all further interments
forbidden. But even that must have been found insufficient, as,
after some years, the great work of disinterring the bodies from
this churchyard was determined upon. This undertaking, according to
Thouret’s report, was carried on from December, 1785, to May, 1786;
from December, 1786, to February, 1787; and in August and October of
the same year: and it is not unimportant to quote this passage, as
it clearly shows how little correct Parent Duchâtelet was in his
general statement, that those disinterments took place in the
hottest seasons of the year.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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