Free verse; Modernism (Literature); Poetry, Modern -- 20th century -- History and criticism
possible of consummation but one only to be desired through the dream
by which lust leads itself on, the dream behind which this proposed
joy, this love, seems to lie. This is the final meaning of the line. It
is inlaid with other meanings, but these should follow naturally from
the complete meaning, it should not be built up from them. For example
the line may also be read: “Before a joy (lust) can be proposed, there
must be a dream behind, a joy lost by waking” (“So that I wake and cry
to dream again”); or: “Before a joy can be proposed, it must first be
renounced as a joy, it must be put behind as a dream; you know in the
pursuit that possession is impossible”; or: “Before the man, in lust
is a prospect of joy, yet he knows by experience that this is only a
dream”; or: “Beforehand he says that he definitely proposed lust to be
a joy, afterwards he says that it came as a dream”; or: “Before (in
face of) a joy proposed only as a consequence of a dream, with a dream
pushing him from behind”. All these and even more readings of the line
are possible and legitimate, and each reading could in turn be made
specially to explain why the taker is made mad or how lust is _to
have extreme_ or why it is both _a bliss_ and _very wo_.
The punctuated line in the revised version, cut off from what has gone
before and from what follows, can only mean: ‘In prospect, lust is a
joy; in retrospect, a dream.’ Though a possible contributory meaning,
as the _only_ meaning it makes the theme of the poem that lust is
impossible of satisfaction, whereas the theme is, as carried on by the
next line, that lust as lust _is_ satisfiable but that satisfied
lust is in conflict with itself. The next line, if unpunctuated except
for the comma Shakespeare put at the end, is a general statement of
this conflict: the man in lust is torn between lust as he well-knows it
with the world and lust in his personal experience, which crazes him to
hope for more than lust from lust. The force of the second _well_
is to deny the first _well_: no one really knows anything of lust
except in personal experience, and only through personal experience can
lust be known _well_ rather than “well-known”. But separate the
second _well_ from the first, as in the revised version, and the
direct opposition between _world_ and _none, well knowes_
and _knowes well_ is destroyed, as well as the whole point of the
word-play between _well knowes_ and _knowes well_; for by the
removal of the comma after the second _well_, this is made merely
an adverb to modify _To shun_ in the following line--_well_
here means merely _successfully_ with _To shun_, not _well
enough_ with _knowes_. This repunctuation also robs _All
this_ of its real significance, as it refers not only to all that
has gone before but to the last line as well: “All this the world
well knows yet all this none knows well” (_i.e._ the character
of lust), and “All this the world well knows yet none knows well”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account