7. Elementary and secondary education. 8. Higher education in Hispanic-America. a. Universities: 1. Faculties, courses, and equipment. 2. Libraries and publications. 3. Students. b. Scientific pursuits. 1. Observatories and other establishments for study of geography, ethnology, and zoology. 2. Schools of medicine and surgery. c. Industrial and technical education. 9. Urban and rural education. 10. Popular interest in education. 11. Non-official efforts for promotion of education: a. Congresses and teachers' associations. b. Private schools and institutions. c. Publications and lectures. 12. Educational reforms needed. B. Cultural achievements in general: 1. Public charity: a. Control and sources of revenue. b. Societies and institutions for social service. 2. Public libraries. 3. Journalism: a. Status of the press in various countries. b. Notable newspapers. c. Recent development. d. Magazines and periodicals. 4. Literature: a. General characteristics. b. European and particularly French influence. c. Representative literary men and their works. 1. Novelists, essayists, poets: Ricardo Palma, Rodo, Alencar, Gonzalvez Diaz, San Martin, Echeverria, Sarmiento, Ruben Dario, Chocano, Blanco Fombona, etc. 2. Historians: Alaman, the Amunategui, Barros Arana, Icazbalceta, Vicuña Mackenna, Mitre, Jose Toribio Medina, Oliviera Lima, Zamacois, etc. 3. Jurists: Bello, Calvo, Velez Sarsfield, Ambrosio Montt, etc. 5. Arts: a. General characteristics. b. Achievements in music; the drama; architecture; painting; and sculpture.