4. Portugal as a national state. 5. Political institutions. 6. Motives of colonization. Required Readings: Cheyney, 60-74; Stephens, _The Story of Portugal_. Additional Readings: Busk, _History of Spain and Portugal_; Martins, _The Golden Age of Prince Henry the Navigator_; ----, _Historia de Portugal_; Jayne, _Vasco da Gama and His Successors_; Major, _Life of Prince Henry the Navigator_; Hakluyt Society Publications. =Chapter I. The Period of Discovery.= A. Tracing the coast line by Spanish navigators. 1. The achievement of Columbus. 2. Achievements of: Hojeda, Cosa, Vespucci, Pinzon, Piñeda, Bastidas, Grijalva, Balboa, Magellan and Elcano, Guevara, and Saavedra. Readings: Shepherd, _Historical Atlas_, 106-111; Morris, _History of Colonization_, I, 230-243; Bourne, _Spain in America_, 67-174; Payne, _European Colonies_, 35-53; ----, _History of America_, Vol. I; Helps, _Spanish Conquest in America_; Koebel, _South America_; Thacher, _Columbus_; Vignaud, _Historie critique de la grande entreprise de Christopher Colomb_; Guillemard, _Magellan_; Bancroft, _Central Mexico_, Vol. I; Brittain, _Discovery and Exploration_, 56-296; Benzoni, _History of the New World_ (Hakluyt Society Pub.); Zahm, _Up the Orinoco and Down the Magdelena_; ----, _Along the Andes and Down the Amazon_. B. Internal exploration and settlement. 1. Achievements of: Cortes; Pizarro; Cabeza de Vaca; Almagro; Orellana; Ursúa; Mendoza; Ayolas; Irala, and others. 2. Explorations of Portuguese in Brazil. 3. Settlement of the West Indies. 4. Settlement of Mexico and Central America. 5. Settlement of Spanish South America. Readings: To those of Section A, add _Cambridge Modern History_, I, ch. xv.; Prescott, _Conquest of Mexico_; Bancroft, _History of Mexico_; MacNutt, _Fernando Cortes and the Conquest of Mexico_; Solis, _Historia de la Conquista de Mexico_; Bandelier, _Contributions to the History of the Southwestern Portions of the United States_; De Lannoy and Van der Linden, _Historie de L'Expansion Coloniale des Peuples Europeens_ (Portugal et Espagne); Bolton, _Spanish Exploration in the Southwest_; Daenell, _Die Spanier in Nord Amerika_; Altamira, _The Share of Spain in the History of the Pacific Ocean_, (_Pacific Ocean in History_, 34-75); Groat, _Historia de la Nueva Granada_; Wright, _The Early History of Cuba_; Amunategui, _Descubrimientos_; _Conquista de Chile_; Ojeda, _Los Conquistadores de Chile_ (2v.) C. Relations of Spain and Portugal in 16th Century. 1. Rivalry for trade supremacy. 2. Appeal to the Pope. Line of Demarcation, 1493. 3. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494. 4. Boundary commissions and disputes.