Bombax heptaphyllum fibre, 39 Books on paper-making, 229 Bottoms, caustic, 177 Broke paper, grinding mill, 105 ― ―, using up, 104 Bromine and jute, 18 Broussonetia kæmpferia fibre, 54 ― papyrifera fibre, 39, 54 Burning recovered soda, 186 Calcining recovered soda, 186 Calendering, 167 Calenders, 158 ―, deflection, 171 Calcium carbonate mud, 190 ― hypochlorite, removing from pulp, 114 ― sulphate, estimating, 203 ― ― loading, 131 Cannabis sativa fibre, 39, 49 Carbonic acid bleaching, 115 Carbonising recovered soda, 186 Caustic soda, analysing, 205 ― ―, brands, 178 ― ―, commercial forms, 177 ― ― drums, emptying, 179 ― ―, prices, 179 ― ― solutions, table of strengths, 109 Causticisers, 188, 192 Causticising, 187 ― by ferric oxide, 232 ―, lime used, 190 ―, oxygenating during, 191 Cellular tissue in straw, 103 Cellulose, 4 ―, absorption of acids and basic oxides, 7 ―, action of alum on, 163 ―, ― of cuprammonium on, 5, 217 ―, ― of lime on, 84 ―, ― of soda and bisulphite compared, 76 ―, ― of sulphur on, 130 ―, ― on light, 6 ― and acids, 12 ― and alkalis, 14 ― and barium hydrate, 7 ― and bleaching powder, 10 ― and chlorine, 10 ― and humus, 15 ― and hydrochloric acid, 13 ― and lead solutions, 8 ― and metallic salts, 8 ― and nitric acid, 13 ― and oxygen, 10 ― and sulphuric acid, 12 ― and water at high temperature, 14 ― and zinc chloride, 13 ―, animal, 7 ―, behaviour under Schweitzer’s reagent, 5 ―, bleaching should not affect, 113 ―, burning, 23 ―, characters, 4 ―, combinations, 7 ―, ― with acid radicles, 8 ― compared with jute, 17 ―, composition, 4 ―, compounds, 7, 16 ―, decomposition, 12 ―, ― by ferments, 15 ―, ― by heat, 23 ―, destructive action of soda on, 64 ― di-nitrate, 10 ―, early form of alkali process for isolating, 65 ― formed by vinegar plant, 16 ―, formula, 4 ― gelatinised, 5 ―, general method of isolation, 4 ― hexa-nitrate, 9 ―, identification, 6, 18 Cellulose in contact with iron, 13 ― in fibre, estimating, 42 ― in straw, 99 ―, isolating by sulphurous acid, 64 ―, ― from plant substances, 62 ―, ― from wood, Schultze’s method, 21 ―, lignification, 17 ―, mineral constituents, 5 ―, modifications of, in the plant, 16 ―, nitration of, 8 ―, oxidation, 10 ―, penta-nitrate, 9 ―, percentage yielded by jute, 19 ―, proportion in esparto, 96 ―, ― of, in well-boiled pulp, 113 ―, reactions, 6 ―, soluble in Schweitzer’s reagent, 5 ―, ― sulphides for isolating, 67 ―, solubility, 5 ―, synthesis, 15 ―, tetra-nitrate, 10 ―, triacetyl, 8 ―, tri-nitrate, 10 ―, yield from esparto, 95 ―, ― from straw, 98 Celluloses, compound, hydrolytic resolution, 63 ―, ―, treating for paper, 63 Cellulosic fermentation, 16 Chapman’s evaporator, 184