IMPRESSIONIST LANDSCAPE PAINTERS: Of recent years there has been a disposition to change the key of light in landscape painting, to get nearer the truth of nature in the height of light and in the height of shadows. In doing this Claude Monet, the present leader of the movement, has done away with the dark brown or black shadow and substituted the light-colored shadow, which is nearer the actual truth of nature. In trying to raise the pitch of light he has not been quite so successful, though accomplishing something. His method is to use pure prismatic colors on the principle that color is light in a decomposed form, and that its proper juxtaposition on canvas will recompose into pure light again. Hence the use of light shadows and bright colors. The aim of these modern men is chiefly to gain the effect of light and air. They do not apparently care for subject, detail, or composition. At present their work is in the experimental stage, but from the way in which it is being accepted and followed by the painters of to-day we may be sure the movement is of considerable importance. There will probably be a reaction in favor of more form and solidity than the present men give, but the high key of light will be retained. There are so many painters following these modern methods, not only in France but all over the world, that a list of their names would be impossible. In France Sisley with Monet are the two important landscapists. In marines Boudin and Montenard should be mentioned. PRINCIPAL WORKS: The modern French painters are seen to advantage in the Louvre, Luxembourg, Pantheon, Sorbonne, and the municipal galleries of France. Also Metropolitan Museum New York, Chicago Art Institute, Boston Museum, and many private collections in France and America. Consult for works in public or private hands, Champlin and Perkins, _Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings_, under names of artists. CHAPTER XV. SPANISH PAINTING. BOOKS RECOMMENDED: Bermudez, _Diccionario de las Bellas Artes en Espana_; Davillier, _Memoire de Velasquez_; Davillier, _Fortuny_; Eusebi, _Los Differentes Escuelas de Pintura_; Ford, _Handbook of Spain_; Head, _History of Spanish and French Schools of Painting_; Justi, _Velasquez and his Times_; Lefort, _Velasquez_; Lefort, _Francisco Goya_; Lefort, _Murillo et son Ecole_; Lefort, _La Peinture Espagnole_; Palomino de Castro y Velasco, _Vidas de los Pintores y Estatuarios Eminentes Espanoles_; Passavant, _Die Christliche Kunst in Spanien_; Plon, _Les Maitres Italiens au Service de la Maison d'Autriche_; Stevenson, _Velasquez_; Stirling, _Annals of the Artists of Spain_; Stirling, _Velasquez and his Works_; Tubino, _El Arte y los Artistas contemporaneos en la Peninsula_; Tubino, _Murillo_; Viardot, _Notices sur les Principaux Peintres de l'Espagne_; Yriarte, _Goya, sa Biographie_, etc.