Supposing the proofs hereafter to be adduced to be conclusive, that the
events in fever and their order really are what has now been stated, how
clearly and beautifully does this view of the disease enable us to
recognize one and the same malady through all the modifications it
undergoes, and therefore through the countless aspects it assumes. Out
of the system of organs that are always affected in fever some may be
more and some may be less diseased; and it is easy to see how, from this
diversity alone, the utmost variety may arise in the external characters
of the disease. Thus, at one time, the spinal cord and the brain may be
intensely affected: consequently the patient may be seized with violent
pains in the limbs; with ferocious head-ache; with early delirium, which
may rapidly increase to such a degree of violence as to require
restraint: or, on the contrary, all the muscles of voluntary motion may
be seized instantaneously with such a loss of energy that they may truly
be said to be paralyzed: at the same time the sensorial faculties may be
overwhelmed almost as completely as they are in apoplexy: thus may be
formed one type of fever: and such a concourse of symptoms is actually
found to exist: it ushers in the plague when it first stalks into a
devoted city to sweep away its thousands and its tens of thousands.
At another time the disease may seize with peculiar violence upon the
organs of secretion, and especially upon those which belong to the
digestive apparatus: hence the liver may suddenly pour forth an immense
flow of bile, so vitiated in quality as to irritate and inflame whatever
it touches, and so abundant in quantity as rapidly to diffuse itself
over every part of the body, and to tinge almost every tissue and every
fluid: at the same time the stomach and intestines may be involved in
such acute disease that the powers of life may be exhausted in a few
hours by incessant vomiting and unconquerable purging: thus may be
formed another type of fever, and such a concourse of symptoms actually
occurs in the yellow fever of the West Indies.
Now we may witness a severe though a less violent affection of the
spinal cord and the brain than occurs in plague. There may be present
great pain in the back and limbs; intense head-ache; early and violent
delirium; a burning skin; a quick and strong pulse; urgent thirst, and
constipated bowels: or, on the contrary, there may be not pain of the
head, but giddiness; not delirium, but stupor; not a burning hot, but a
moderately warm or a cool skin; not a frequent and strong, but a
frequent and feeble pulse. In either case we have a fair specimen of the
common fever of our own country, the first forming the variety which may
be termed acute, the second subacute cerebral.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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