Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalismBurroughs, John
Philosophy
Accepting the universe : $b Essays in naturalism
Burroughs, John
Natural history; Natural history -- Philosophy; Philosophy; Science
We find God in Nature by projecting ourselves there; we find him in
the course of history by reading our own ideals into human events;
we find him in our daily lives by listening to the whisperings of
our own inherited and acquired consciences, and by dwelling upon the
fatality that rules our lives.
We had nothing to do with our appearance here in this world, or
with the form our bodies take, or with our temperaments, and, only
in a degree, with our dispositions. Some power other than ourselves
brought us here and maintains us here for a period, as it brought
here and maintains all other forms of life; but, I repeat, that
power is inseparable from the physical and chemical forces, and goes
its way whether we prosper or perish. Yet it is more positive than
negative, more for us than against us, else we should not be here.
Where does man get his ethical standards? Where does he get his
eyes, his ears, his heart? He gets them where he got his life--from
natural sources. He gets them whence he got his sense of art, of
beauty, of harmony. There are no moral standards in Nature apart from
man, but as man is a part of Nature, so are these, and all other
standards. So are all religions, arts, literatures, philosophies,
heroisms, self-denials, as well as all idolatries, superstitions,
sorceries, cruelties, wrongs, failures, a part of Nature.
Is the big-brained man of to-day any less a part of Nature than the
low-browed, long-jawed man of Pliocene times?
The humanization of God leads us into many difficulties. If He is a
personal being with attributes and emotions like our own, then we
are forced to the conclusion that He is no better than we are--that
He has our faults as well as our virtues, our cruelty as well as
our love. He is a party to all the wrongs and crimes and suffering
that darken the earth; He permits wars and pestilence and famine
and earthquakes and tornadoes, and all the consuming and agonizing
diseases that flesh is heir to. He is an infinite man with infinite
powers for good and evil.
In the long drama of animal evolution there has evidently been as
much suffering as pleasure, and of the drama of human history the
same may be said: pain, failure, delay, injustice, to all of which
our humanized God has been a party. No wonder our fathers struggled
over the problem of the ways of God to man. As soon as they put
themselves in his place, they felt the need of some grounds upon
which to justify his dealings with the beings He had created. But
they searched, and their descendants still search, in vain. If we see
God as a man, no matter how mighty, He is still guilty of what few
finite men would be guilty. What men would be guilty of permitting
the sin and misery that fill the world at this, or any other, time?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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