Address delivered before the British Association assembled at BelfastTyndall, John
Religion
Address delivered before the British Association assembled at Belfast
Tyndall, John
Evolution; Religion and science; Science -- History
His vaguely-grand conception of the atoms falling eternally through
space suggested the nebular hypothesis to Kant, its first propounder.
Far beyond the limits of our visible world are to be found atoms
innumerable, which have never been united to form bodies, or which,
if once united, have been again dispersed, falling silently through
immeasurable intervals of time and space. As everywhere throughout
the All the same conditions are repeated, so must the phenomena be
repeated also. Above us, below us, beside us, therefore, are worlds
without end; and this, when considered, must dissipate every thought
of a deflection of the universe by the gods. The worlds come and go,
attracting new atoms out of limitless space, or dispersing their own
particles. The reputed death of Lucretius, which forms the basis of
Mr. Tennyson's noble poem, is in strict accordance with his
philosophy, which was severe and pure.
During the centuries lying between the first of these three
philosophers and the last, the human intellect was active in other
fields than theirs. The sophists had run through their career. At
Athens had appeared Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, who ruined the
sophists, and whose yoke remains to some extent unbroken to the
present hour. Within this period also the School of Alexandria was
founded, Euclid wrote his 'Elements,' and made some advance in
optics. Archimedes had propounded the theory of the lever and the
principles of hydrostatics. Pythagoras had made his experiments on
the harmonic intervals, while astronomy was immensely enriched by the
discoveries of Hipparchus, who was followed by the historically more
celebrated Ptolemy. Anatomy had been made the basis of Scientific
medicine; and it is said by Draper[8] that vivisection then began.
In fact, the science of ancient Greece had already cleared the world
of the fantastic images of divinities operating capriciously through
natural phenomena. It had shaken itself free from that fruitless
scrutiny 'by the internal light of the mind alone,' which had vainly
sought to transcend experience and reach a knowledge of ultimate
causes. Instead of accidental observation, it had introduced
observation with a purpose; instruments were employed to aid the
senses; and scientific method was rendered in a great measure
complete by the union of Induction and Experiment.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account