Ohio alone has 51,812 such scholars,--more than are to be found in the 13 slave States! Her neighbor Kentucky has 429!! Let us compare in this particular the _largest_ and the _smallest_ State in the Union. Virginia has scholars at public charge 9,791 Rhode Island 10,912[5] [5] See American Almanac for 1842, page 226. But we have some _official_ confessions, which give a still more deplorable account of Southern ignorance. In 1837, Governor Clarke, in his message to the Kentucky Legislature, remarked, "By the computation of those most familiar with the subject, ONE THIRD OF THE ADULT POPULATION OF THE STATE ARE UNABLE TO WRITE THEIR NAMES." Governor Campbell reported to the Virginia Legislature, that from the returns of 98 clerks, it appeared that of _4614 applications for marriage licenses in 1837, no less than 1047 were made by men unable to write_. These details will enable you to estimate the impudence of the following plea in behalf of slavery: "It is by the existence of slavery, exempting so large a portion of our citizens from the necessity of bodily labor, that we have leisure for _intellectual pursuits_, and the means of attaining a liberal education."--_Chancellor Harper of South Carolina on Slavery._--_Southern Literary Messenger, Oct. 1838._ Whatever may be the leisure enjoyed by the slaveholders, they are careful not to afford the means of literary improvement to their fellow-citizens who are too poor to possess slaves, and who are, by their very ignorance, rendered more fit instruments for doing the will, and guarding the human property of the wealthier class. III. INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE.