Aesthetical and philosophical essays : $b introducing the dissertation on the "connection between the animal and spiritual man"Schiller, Friedrich
Philosophy
Aesthetical and philosophical essays : $b introducing the dissertation on the "connection between the animal and spiritual man"
Schiller, Friedrich
Aesthetics; Philosophy
Now the term natural condition can be applied to every political body
which owes its establishment originally to forces and not to laws, and
such a state contradicts the moral nature of man, because lawfulness can
alone have authority over this. At the same time this natural condition
is quite sufficient for the physical man, who only gives himself laws in
order to get rid of brute force. Moreover, the physical man is a
_reality_, and the moral man _problematical_. Therefore when the reason
suppresses the natural condition, as she must if she wishes to
substitute her own, she weighs the real physical man against the
problematical moral man, she weighs the existence of society against a
possible, though morally necessary, ideal of society. She takes from man
something which he really possesses, and without which he possesses
nothing, and refers him as a substitute to something that he ought to
possess and might possess; and if reason had relied too exclusively on
him she might, in order to secure him a state of humanity in which he is
wanting and can want without injury to his life, have robbed him even of
the means of animal existence, which is the first necessary _condition_
of his being a man. Before he had opportunity to hold firm to the law
with his will, reason would have withdrawn from his feet the ladder of
nature.
The great point is, therefore, to reconcile these two considerations, to
prevent physical society from ceasing for a moment _in time_, while the
moral society is being formed in the _idea_; in other words, to prevent
its existence from being placed in jeopardy for the sake of the moral
dignity of man. When the mechanic has to mend a watch he lets the wheels
run out; but the living watchworks of the state have to be repaired
while they act, and a wheel has to be exchanged for another during its
revolutions. Accordingly props must be sought for to support society and
keep it going while it is made independent of the natural condition from
which it is sought to emancipate it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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