In the first place, changing a single character of the protoplasm, such
as the degree of viscosity, cannot explain the observed diversity of
detail; neither can a variation of a number of the physical characters
of fluids produce such differences as are observed in the dynamics of
the different species of amebas. Our whole experience with the fluids of
physics speaks against such an explanation. But, on the other hand, the
invisible details of structure of a fluid may become strikingly manifest
under certain conditions, namely, those surrounding the process of
crystallization. A slight change in the physical condition may produce a
considerable variety of crystal shapes, but this variety of shape has
nevertheless very definite limits which cannot be overstepped.
Amebas like crystals are also most rigidly and definitely restricted to
a certain range of shape, which must be a direct result of the structure
of the protoplasm composing them. Amebas in fact are not any more
“shapeless” than crystals are; and it would be quite as exact to say
that the crystals of water are shapeless since a great variety of shapes
are met with in snow, hoar-frost, etc. The fact that corresponding parts
of two species of amebas resemble each other less and less closely as
they are analyzed into smaller and smaller details, is in itself
conclusive evidence that the protoplasms of the amebas are _chemically_
different; the resemblance between the gross anatomy and physiology
between two different species is due to the greater conspicuousness of
such characters as are the result of the action of physical processes.
That is to say, chemically or molecularly different masses of matter may
resemble each other in their molar aspects.
It is to be noted however that the more intimate structure of streaming
protoplasm cannot always express itself externally as it can in ameba.
As was suggested in the introduction, there is no good reason for
supposing that the causes of streaming in the various organisms in which
it is observed are fundamentally different. The problem of ameboid
movement cannot be considered apart from the streaming of protoplasm in
foraminifera, myxomycetes, plant cells, lymphocytes, desmids, diatoms
and ciliates. The streaming of endoplasm in some cells, such as in
ciliates and plant cells, does not give rise to change of shape of the
cell as it does in ameba. In these cases the character of streaming is
highly restricted; the unyielding ectoplasm or cell wall as the case may
be, prevents any but the most essential features of streaming from
occurring. Recalling the analogy of crystallization, streaming in a
plant cell or in a ciliate is analogous to crystallization occurring in
a tube or vessel too small for the crystals to form properly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account