The movement of particles on the under side of an _Amoeba
sphaeronucleosus_ depends upon what part of the ameba is attached to the
substratum. Where the ameba is attached there is of course no movement
of the surface layer and the particles remain stationary. In an ameba
attached as shown in figure 20, _a_, there was a very slow movement of
particles forward near the middle of the attached region (x), but
whether this was related to the movement of the outer layer of the upper
surface was not determined. The movement of these particles was
considerably slower than the movement of the ameba. In another ameba
attached at the anterior and posterior ends (Figure 20, _b_) no movement
of particles on the under side could be discerned. The small particles
showing Brownian movement, with the surrounding water, are dragged along
as a mass. This movement is purely mechanical, and is what would be
expected on purely physical grounds, when a more or less cup-shaped
object is moved along in water in close contact with a flat surface.
Such particles as have become attached to the surface layer on the under
side of the ameba, because of their slower movement than that of the
ameba, eventually bring up at the sides near the posterior end, as the
ameba moves along. From here they are carried forward in the manner
already described. Thus there comes about a “rotation” of particles
adhering to an ameba as described by Jennings (’04) and Dellinger (’06),
though the explanation is different from that given by Jennings (l. c.)
as we shall see further on. No case of a similar rotation of larger
particles which had sunk into the ectoplasm, as described by Jennings
(’04, p. 142), has come under my observation.
[Illustration: Figure 20. _Amoeba sphaeronucleosus_. _a_, the under side
of the ameba. The part of the ameba attached to the substratum is
stippled. Particles attached to the surface film at _x_ moved slowly
forward. _b_, the under side of the ameba, showing the attached parts
stippled. The particles suspended in the water at _x_ moved slowly
forward with the ameba. _c_, a cross section of an ameba of shape shown
in _b_, showing the ridges on the surface. Length of the ameba, about
100 microns.]
The movement of the surface layer in _A. verrucosa_ is quite like that
of _sphaeronucleosus_. Figure 21 shows a group of three particles
carried by a _verrucosa_ while changing its direction of locomotion. The
particles changed position with regard to each other and they moved at
different speeds. Particles _a_, _b_, _c_, moved respectively 2.40,
3.26, 2.85 times as fast as the ameba advanced. Other experiments
indicate that the outer layer of _verrucosa_ moves at about the same
speed, compared with the speed of the ameba, as that of
_sphaeronucleosus_.
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