Famous composers include: Victor Herbert, _Irish_; Edward MacDowell, _Scot_; John Philip Sousa, _Portuguese_; Percy Grainger, _Australian_; Eugene Goosens, _English_; Howard Hanson, _Swede_; William Grant Still, _Negro_; Daniel Protheroe, _Welsh_; Sigmond Romberg, _German Jew_; George Gershwin and Irving Berlin, _Russian Jews_; Alma Glück, _Roumanian_; Rudolf Friml, _Czech_. Outstanding conductors include Gabrilowitch, _Russian Jew_; Walter and Klemperer, _German_; Koussevitsky and Smallens, _Russian Jews_; Stokowski, _Polish_; Ormany and Rapee, _Hungarians_; Ganz, _Swiss_; Koshetz, _Ukrainian_; Zilotti, _Russian_; Busch, _Dane_; Kindler, _Netherlander_; Damrosch, _German_; Rodzinsky, _Yugoslav_; Victor Kolar, _Czech_. Leading violin players of world-wide fame are: Elman, Heifetz, Zimbalist, _Russian Jews_; and Yehudi Menuhin, _Roumanian Jew_; Ysaye, _Belgian_; Dvonc, _Czech_; Prydatkevich, _Ukrainian_. Famous pianists include Rachmaninoff, _Russian_; Iturbi, _Spaniard_; Honti, _Hungarian_. Leading flutist is Callimahos, _Greek_; noted zylophonist is Y. Hiraoka, _Japanese_. Among the great concert artists are Sophie Braslau, _Russian Jew_; Lotte Lehmann, _German_; Rosa Raisa, _Italian Jew_; Schumann-Heink, _Austrian_; John Charles Thomas, _Welsh_, and Paul Robeson, Jules Bledsoe, Marian Anderson, Roland Hayes, _Negroes_. _Art_ Father of American painting was Benjamin West, _English_ ... portraits of Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison by Charles Gilbert Stuart, _Scot_ ... “Washington Crossing the Delaware,” by Emmanuel Lutze, _German_ ... famous portraits by John Copley, _Irish_ ... famous etchings by Joseph Pennell, _English-Irish_ ... “Artist’s Mother” by James McNeil Whistler, _Scotch-Irish_. “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot” by Malvin Johnson, _Negro_ ... “Return of Prodigal Son” by Henry Mosler, _German Jew_ ... “Gassed” and portraits by John S. Sargent, _English-Italian_ ... “Autumn Oaks” by George Inness, _Scot_ ... “Conquerors”—building of Panama Canal—by Jonas Lie, _Norwegian_ ... “Resurrection of Lazarus” by Henry O. Tanner, _Negro_ ... “Still Life” by Yasu Kuniyoshi, _Japanese_. First modernist in America was Arthur Davies, _Welsh_ ... corrupt Tweed ring in New York City smashed by cartoons of Thomas Nast, _German_ ... leader in landscape painting, Frederick Detwiller, _Swiss_ ... master of miniatures, Malthe Hasselriis, _Dane_ ... famous frescoes in National Capitol by Brumidi, _Italian_ ... illustrator of folk tales and fairy stories, Willie Pogany, _Hungarian_ ... journalistic cartoons by Harrison Fisher, _Czech_. _Sculpture_ [Illustration]