Roots of Political Society 42 Influence of Emigration to America 43 The Right to Emigrate 44 The Subject _vs._ the Active Member 45 Essentials of Citizenship: Ancient--and American 46 Bases of American Citizenship 49 Common-law Definition Taken for Granted 50 Concerning Americans Born Abroad 51 Children Born at Sea 52 Question of Dual Nationality 53 Countries Denying the Right of Expatriation 54 Conditional Recognition 55 Naturalization Treaties With the United States 55 Great Britain 56 Germany 57 Citizenship Takes No Account of Sex 62 “A Woman Without a Country” 63 The American Under Three Jurisdictions 64 IV. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATURALIZATION LAW 69 Our “Charter Members” 69 First Naturalization Laws 70 Efforts Toward Uniformity 73 Bars Up Against Alien Anarchists 77 Various Presidents Discussed Naturalization 77 Definite Reform at Last 80 Naturalization Commission Appointed 80 What the Law Requires 83 V. THE LAW IN OPERATION 89