Restrictions of Race 92 Limitations Regarding Age 95 The Declaration of Intention 96 “Declaration Invalid” 98 Should Declaration Be Abolished? 102 Naturalization Judges Favor Its Retention 105 The Seven-year Limitation 107 The Certificate of Lawful Entry 109 The Vexatious Question of Names 112 The Petition for Naturalization 115 Ninety Days’ Interval Before Hearing 119 The Final Hearing in Court 119 Must “Speak” the English Language 120 Attached to the Constitution 123 In the Matter of “Continuous Residence” 124 The Absurdity of the “Incompetent Witness” 126 Judges Denounce the Absurdity 129 Depositions of Witnesses 133 “Good Moral Character” 135 The Final Ceremony--Oath of Allegiance 137 Ceremonies of Initiation 138 VI. PERSONAL EQUATION IN NATURALIZATION 143 A Function of Local Courts 145 “Personal Equation” of the Judges 147 Bird’s-eye View of the Questionnaire 154 General Trend of Judges’ Opinions 158 The Clerks of the Courts 161 The Question of Adequate Clerical Force 163 When the Clerk Pockets the Fees 164 Forms of Petty Graft 165 “Personal Equation” in the Naturalization Service 167 A Scrupulously Honest Service 169 Need of Unifying Influence 170 “Nothing to Litigate!” 171 Confused State of the Educational Test 173 The Craze for “Americanizing” Somebody Else 177 Extra Responsibilities Self-sought 180 Enormous Arrearage in Bureau’s Work 186 The Aliens Support the Bureau 189 Fitness of Candidates 193 “Personal Equation” of the Public 195 VII. SOME STATISTICS CONCERNING IMMIGRANTS, “NEW” AND “OLD” 197