Paucity of Dependable Information 199 Vast Arrearages in Examinations 202 Report of Immigration Commission of 1907 204 Legend of “The New Immigration” 204 Disparity in Numbers Among Racial Groups 206 The Factor of Length of Residence 208 The Factor of Language 214 Length of Residence and Earning Power 215 Voting on “First Papers” 217 What Becomes of the Declarations? 218 VIII. LATER STATISTICS--IN WHICH SOME TWENTY-SIX THOUSAND PETITIONERS SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES 225 More Than a Fifth of All Petitioners 226 From Twenty-eight Representative Courts 226 In a Reasonably Normal Year 227 The Racial Groups Are Typical 228 Relative “Civic and Political Interest” 231 How Did These Petitioners Fare? 231 As Regards “Immoral Character” 234 The Showing as to “Ignorance” 235 Time-intervals in Naturalization 236 How Do the Racial Groups Compare? 238 They Are Young People 241 Relative Age and “Political Interest” 242 The Real Racial Distinction 243 Race and Relative Age at Arrival 244 At the Beginning of Married Life 247 As for “Stability of Residence” 247 Intellectual Equipment and Occupation 250 General Conclusions 252 IX. CITIZENSHIP VIA MILITARY SERVICE 255