An account of a useful discovery to distill double the usual quantity of sea-water, by blowing showers of air up through the distilling liquor : $b and an account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances, in preserving the health and lives of people, in slave and other transport ships ... also an account of the good effect of blowing showers of air up through milk, thereby to cure the ill taste which is occasioned by some kinds of food of cows.Hales, Stephen
History
An account of a useful discovery to distill double the usual quantity of sea-water, by blowing showers of air up through the distilling liquor : $b and an account of the great benefit of ventilators in many instances, in preserving the health and lives of people, in slave and other transport ships ... also an account of the good effect of blowing showers of air up through milk, thereby to cure the ill taste which is occasioned by some kinds of food of cows.
Hales, Stephen
Seawater -- Distillation; Ships -- Heating and ventilation
32. It is a considerable further Advantage, that Water thus distilled
by Ventilation, being thereby repleat and freshened with Air, has
for present Use a more agreeable Taste, than Water distilled without
Ventilation, which requires the standing a longer Time to have its more
disagreeable adust Taste go off. And as the volatile Oil of Pepper-mint
does rise on the Wings of the ventilating Air during the Distillation;
so also may that Part of the Bitumen, which is volatilized by Heat; as
also the volatile urinous Salts of the Sea-water, which arises from
animal Substances, be sublimed in the same Manner.
33. It was observable, that the Water distilled fast, even tho’ the
Water in the Still was below the Surface of the Tin Air-box, thro’
which the greatest Part of the ascending Shower of Air rushed. Hence
the ventilating Air, in ascending among the Vapours, carries them off
fast. Hence it is to be suspected, that this Method of Ventilation will
not do well for simple Waters, or fermented vinous Spirits; because
they being very volatile, much of them may be carried off in Waste.
34. It was observable, that in these Distillations of Sea-water, no
whitish Clouds appeared on dropping in Solution of corrosive Mercury,
not even when considerably more than four Parts in five of the Water
had been distilled over. And it was the same with the Mixture of Lapis
Infernalis, Lime, and Chalk; whence it is probable, that the Lime and
Chalk seize on and fix the more volatile bittern Salt, as does also the
Lime in the Lapis Infernalis. And it is well known, that Sugar, that
sweet Salt, cannot be made without Lime, on which, as its Centre of
Union, it fixes and granulates.
35. And whereas with a Solution of Silver in Aqua-fortis, which was
much weakened and diluted with Water, there appeared a faint Degree
of whitish Cloud, in all the above-mentioned Distillations, tho’ not
with the stronger Solution of Mercury till the Distillation was carried
on, much beyond four Parts in five of the Water in the Still; when
both Solutions caused remarkably white Clouds, especially the Solution
of Mercury; which indicates the Quantity of the Spirit of Salt which
was raised during the former part of the Distillation to be exceeding
small, since it could not seize on, nor disengage the Aqua-fortis from
the stronger Solution of Mercury, tho’ it did in a very small Degree
in the weak Solution of Silver, so as to let loose a very little of
the Silver, which thereby caused the faint Clouds. When a Drop of the
Solution of Mercury was dropped into the distilled Water, after a Drop
of the Solution of Silver, it resorbed the Silver Cloud, and made the
Water clear, by means of the great Proportion of acid Aqua-fortis that
was in it.
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