An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
The accompanying figures illustrate (i) the kind of slice which is
included in this law and (ii) the kind of slice which is excluded.
Fig. 19.
It immediately follows that—with the nomenclature of the enunciation
of the law— is located in every oblique cross-section of .
If be the time-system of the duration in which is
motionless and, in some other time-system , ′ be the
duration of maximum extent which intersects in an oblique slice,
then throughout ′ in the time-less space of a the material object
has a uniform motion of translation with the velocity of
in .
58.2 This property, possessed by a material object which is
motionless in a time-system , of being situated in every oblique
slice of its stationary situation is a fundamental physical law of
nature. Namely, percipients cogredient with different time-systems can
'recognise' the same material objects. In other words, the character of
a material object is not altered by its motion.
58.3 The motion of a material object is 'regular' when if
be any volume in which it is located and be any
event-particle in , and ′ be any variable volume which
contains and is a portion of , and ′ be the extensive
component of which is located in ′, then, as ′ is
progressively diminished without limit, a time-system can be
found such that the errors of calculations, respecting magnitudes
exhibited by ′ which assume that ′ is motionless in ,
tend to the limit zero, provided that the time-lapse of the durations in
within which ′ is motionless is also correspondingly
diminished without limit.
The above definition of regular motion is a description of the
assumptions in the ordinary mathematical treatment of the motion of a
material object (not necessarily rigid) which is not moving with a
uniform motion of translation. If be the standard time-system
to which motions are referred, then the velocity of in
is the velocity at the event-particle [i.e. at the
-space point at the -time
] of the material object.
59. Extensive Magnitude. 59.1 A
theory of extensive magnitude is required to complete the theory of
material objects.
Let and ′ be two objects (material or otherwise), then the
statement that and ′ possess quantities of a certain kind and
that the ratio of the quantity to the quantity ′ has a certain
definite numerical value is a reference to some determinate method of
comparison of to ′ which is the defining characteristic
of that kind of quantity[9].
The quantity of a certain kind possessed by a material object is
called 'extensive' when it is a determinate function of the quantities
of the same kind possessed by any two of its extensive components which
(i) are exhaustive of and (ii) are non-overlapping [i.e. have no
extensive component in common].
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