An epitome of electricity & galvanism — John Shaqi
An epitome of electricity & galvanismGreen, Jacob
History
An epitome of electricity & galvanism
Green, Jacob
Electricity -- Early works to 1850
But though these philosophers, and many others, were struck with this
similarity between the electric fluid and lightning, they did not think
of any method by which their suspicions might be brought to the test of
experiment.—This was first proposed by Dr. Franklin in 1750. He had
before discovered the effects of pointed bodies in drawing off the
electric matter more powerfully than others. This was suggested to him
by one Mr. Thomas Hopkinson, who electrified an iron ball of three or
four inches diameter, with a needle fastened to it, expecting to draw a
stronger spark from the point of it; but was surprised to find little or
none. Dr. Franklin, improving on this hint, supposed that pointed rods
of iron, fixed in the air when the atmosphere was loaded with lightning,
might draw from it the matter of the thunder-bolt, without noise or
danger, into the body of the earth. His account of this supposition is
given by himself in the following words. “The electric fluid is
attracted by points. We do not know whether this property be in
lightning; but since they agree in all the particulars in which we can
already compare them, it is not improbable that they agree likewise in
this; let the experiment be made.”
This suspicion of Dr. Franklin was verified in 1752. The most active
persons in making the experiments by which it was confirmed, were two
French gentlemen, Messrs. Dalibard and Delor. The former prepared his
apparatus at Marly la Ville, situated five or six leagues from Paris;
the other at his own house, on some of the highest ground in that
capital. Mr. Dalibard’s machine consisted of an iron rod forty feet
long, the lower extremity of which was brought into a centry-box, where
the rain could not come; while on the outside it was fastened to three
wooden posts, by long silken strings, defended from the rain. This
machine happened to be the first that was favoured with a visit of the
etherial fire. Mr. Dalibard himself was not at home; but, in his
absence, he had entrusted the care of his apparatus to one Coissier a
joiner, who had served fourteen years among the dragoons, and on whose
courage and understanding he could depend. This artisan had all the
necessary instructions given him; and was desired to call some of his
neighbours, particularly the curate of the parish, whenever there should
be any appearance of a thunder storm. At length the long expected event
arrived. On Wednesday the 10th of May 1752, between two and three in the
afternoon, Coissier heard a pretty loud clap of thunder. Immediately he
ran to the machine, taking with him a phial furnished with a brass wire;
and presenting the wire to the end of the rod, a small spark issued from
it, with a snap like that which attends a spark from an electrified
conductor. Stronger sparks were afterwards drawn, in the presence of the
curate and a number of other people. The curate’s account of them was,
that they were of a blue colour, an inch and a half in length, and
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