An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
Nor need we wonder that this is done with so little notice, if we
consider how quick the actions of the mind are performed. For, as
itself is thought to take up no space to have no extension; so its
actions seem to require no time but many of them seem to be crowded
into an instant. I speak this in comparison to the actions of the body.
Any one may easily observe this in his own thoughts, who will take the
pains to reflect on them. How, as it were in an instant, do our minds,
with one glance, see all the parts of a demonstration, which may very
well be called a long one, if we consider the time it will require to
put it into words, and step by step show it another? Secondly, we shall
not be so much surprised that this is done in us with so little notice,
if we consider how the facility which we get of doing things, by a
custom of doing, makes them often pass in us without our notice.
Habits, especially such as are begun very early, come at last to
produce actions in us, which often escape our observation. How
frequently do we, in a day, cover our eyes with our eyelids, without
perceiving that we are at all in the dark! Men that, by custom, have
got the use of a by-word, do almost in every sentence pronounce sounds
which, though taken notice of by others, they themselves neither hear
nor observe. And therefore it is not so strange, that our mind should
often change the idea of its sensation into that of its judgment, and
make one serve only to excite the other, without our taking notice of
it.
11. Perception puts the difference between Animals and Vegetables.
This faculty of perception seems to me to be, that which puts the
distinction betwixt the animal kingdom and the inferior parts of
nature. For, however vegetables have, many of them, some degrees of
motion, and upon the different application of other bodies to them, do
very briskly alter their figures and motions, and so have obtained the
name of sensitive plants, from a motion which has some resemblance to
that which in animals follows upon sensation: yet I suppose it is all
bare MECHANISM; and no otherwise produced than the turning of a wild
oat-beard, by the insinuation of the particles of moisture, or the
shortening of a rope, by the affusion of water. All which is done
without any sensation in the subject, or the having or receiving any
ideas.
12. Perception in all animals.
Perception, I believe, is, in some degree, in all sorts of animals;
though in some possibly the avenues provided by nature for the
reception of sensations are so few, and the perception they are
received with so obscure and dull, that it comes extremely short of the
quickness and variety of sensation which is in other animals; but yet
it is sufficient for, and wisely adapted to, the state and condition of
that sort of animals who are thus made. So that the wisdom and goodness
of the Maker plainly appear in all the parts of this stupendous fabric,
and all the several degrees and ranks of creatures in it.
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