An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
Those who will take the pains to reflect with a little attention on the
operations of the understanding, will find that this ready assent of
the mind to some truths, depends not, either on native inscription, or
the use of reason, but on a faculty of the mind quite distinct from
both of them, as we shall see hereafter. Reason, therefore, having
nothing to do in procuring our assent to these maxims, if by saying,
that “men know and assent to them, when they come to the use of
reason,” be meant, that the use of reason assists us in the knowledge
of these maxims, it is utterly false; and were it true, would prove
them not to be innate.
12. The coming of the Use of Reason not the Time we come to know these
Maxims.
If by knowing and assenting to them “when we come to the use of
reason,” be meant, that this is the time when they come to be taken
notice of by the mind; and that as soon as children come to the use of
reason, they come also to know and assent to these maxims; this also is
false and frivolous. First, it is false; because it is evident these
maxims are not in the mind so early as the use of reason; and therefore
the coming to the use of reason is falsely assigned as the time of
their discovery. How many instances of the use of reason may we observe
in children, a long time before they have any knowledge of this maxim,
“That it is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be?” And a
great part of illiterate people and savages pass many years, even of
their rational age, without ever thinking on this and the like general
propositions. I grant, men come not to the knowledge of these general
and more abstract truths, which are thought innate, till they come to
the use of reason; and I add, nor then neither. Which is so, because,
till after they come to the use of reason, those general abstract ideas
are not framed in the mind, about which those general maxims are, which
are mistaken for innate principles, but are indeed discoveries made and
verities introduced and brought into the mind by the same way, and
discovered by the same steps, as several other propositions, which
nobody was ever so extravagant as to suppose innate. This I hope to
make plain in the sequel of this Discourse. I allow therefore, a
necessity that men should come to the use of reason before they get the
knowledge of those general truths; but deny that men’s coming to the
use of reason is the time of their discovery.
13. By this they are not distinguished from other knowable Truths.
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