An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
In the mean time it is observable, that this saying that men know and
assent to these maxims “when they come to the use of reason,” amounts
in reality of fact to no more but this,—that they are never known nor
taken notice of before the use of reason, but may possibly be assented
to some time after, during a man’s life; but when is uncertain. And so
may all other knowable truths, as well as these which therefore have no
advantage nor distinction from other by this note of being known when
we come to the use of reason; nor are thereby proved to be innate, but
quite the contrary.
14. If coming to the Use of Reason were the Time of their Discovery, it
would not prove them innate.
But, secondly, were it true that the precise time of their being known
and assented to were, when men come to the use of reason; neither would
that prove them innate. This way of arguing is as frivolous as the
supposition itself is false. For, by what kind of logic will it appear
that any notion is originally by nature imprinted in the mind in its
first constitution, because it comes first to be observed and assented
to when a faculty of the mind, which has quite a distinct province,
begins to exert itself? And therefore the coming to the use of speech,
if it were supposed the time that these maxims are first assented to,
(which it may be with as much truth as the time when men come to the
use of reason,) would be as good a proof that they were innate, as to
say they are innate because men assent to them when they come to the
use of reason. I agree then with these men of innate principles, that
there is no knowledge of these general and self-evident maxims in the
mind, till it comes to the exercise of reason: but I deny that the
coming to the use of reason is the precise time when they are first
taken notice of; and if that were the precise time, I deny that it
would prove them innate. All that can with any truth be meant by this
proposition, that men ‘assent to them when they come to the use of
reason,’ is no more but this,—that the making of general abstract
ideas, and the understanding of general names, being a concomitant of
the rational faculty, and growing up with it, children commonly get not
those general ideas, nor learn the names that stand for them, till,
having for a good while exercised their reason about familiar and more
particular ideas, they are, by their ordinary discourse and actions
with others, acknowledged to be capable of rational conversation. If
assenting to these maxims, when men come to the use of reason, can be
true in any other sense, I desire it may be shown; or at least, how in
this, or any other sense, it proves them innate.
15. The Steps by which the Mind attains several Truths.
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