An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2Locke, John
Philosophy
An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding, Volume 1: MDCXC, Based on the 2nd Edition, Books 1 and 2
Locke, John
Knowledge, Theory of -- Early works to 1800
It is easy to imagine how, by these means, it comes to pass that men
worship the idols that have been set up in their minds; grow fond of
the notions they have been long acquainted with there; and stamp the
characters of divinity upon absurdities and errors; become zealous
votaries to bulls and monkeys, and contend too, fight, and die in
defence of their opinions. _Dum solos credit habendos esse deos, quos
ipse colit_. For, since the reasoning faculties of the soul, which are
almost constantly, though not always warily nor wisely employed, would
not know how to move, for want of a foundation and footing, in most
men, who through laziness or avocation do not, or for want of time, or
true helps, or for other causes, cannot penetrate into the principles
of knowledge, and trace truth to its fountain and original, it is
natural for them, and almost unavoidable, to take up with some borrowed
principles; which being reputed and presumed to be the evident proofs
of other things, are thought not to need any other proof themselves.
Whoever shall receive any of these into his mind, and entertain them
there with the reverence usually paid to principles, never venturing to
examine them, but accustoming himself to believe them, because they are
to be believed, may take up, from his education and the fashions of his
country, any absurdity for innate principles; and by long poring on the
same objects, so dim his sight as to take monsters lodged in his own
brain for the images of the Deity, and the workmanship of his hands.
27. Principles must be examined.
By this progress, how many there are who arrive at principles which
they believe innate may be easily observed, in the variety of opposite
principles held and contended for by all sorts and degrees of men. And
he that shall deny this to be the method wherein most men proceed to
the assurance they have of the truth and evidence of their principles,
will perhaps find it a hard matter any other way to account for the
contrary tenets, which are firmly believed, confidently asserted, and
which great numbers are ready at any time to seal with their blood.
And, indeed, if it be the privilege of innate principles to be received
upon their own authority, without examination, I know not what may not
be believed, or how any one’s principles can be questioned. If they may
and ought to be examined and tried, I desire to know how first and
innate principles can be tried; or at least it is reasonable to demand
the MARKS and CHARACTERS whereby the genuine innate principles may be
distinguished from others: that so, amidst the great variety of
pretenders, I may be kept from mistakes in so material a point as this.
When this is done, I shall be ready to embrace such welcome and useful
propositions; and till then I may with modesty doubt; since I fear
universal consent, which is the only one produced, will scarcely prove
a sufficient mark to direct my choice, and assure me of any innate
principles.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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