An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of AssentNewman, John Henry
Religion
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Newman, John Henry
Faith; Theism
As even Saints may suffer from imaginations in which they have no part,
so the shreds and tatters of former controversies, and the litter of an
argumentative habit, may beset and obstruct the intellect,—questions
which have been solved without their solutions, chains of reasoning
with missing links, difficulties which have their roots in the nature
of things, and which are necessarily left behind in a philosophical
inquiry because they cannot be removed, and which call for the
exercise of good sense and for strength of will to put them down with
a high hand, as irrational or preposterous. Whence comes evil? why
are we created without our consent? how can the Supreme Being have
no beginning? how can He need skill, if He is omnipotent? if He is
omnipotent, why does He permit suffering? If He permits suffering,
how is He all-loving? if He is all-loving, how can He be just? if He
is infinite, what has He to do with the finite? how can the temporary
be decisive of the eternal?—these, and a host of like questions,
must arise in every thoughtful mind, and, after the best use of
reason, must be deliberately put aside, as beyond reason, as (so to
speak) no-thoroughfares, which, having no outlet themselves, have no
legitimate power to divert us from the King’s highway, and to hinder
the direct course of religious inquiry from reaching its destination. A
serious obstruction, however, they will be now and then to particular
minds, enfeebling the faith which they cannot destroy,—being parallel
to the uncomfortable, associations with which sometimes we regard one
whom we have fallen-in with, acquaintance or stranger, arising from
some chance word, look, or action of his which we have witnessed, and
which prejudices him in our imagination, though we are angry with
ourselves that it should do so.
Again, when, in confidence of our own certitude, and with a view
to philosophical fairness, we have attempted successfully to throw
ourselves out of our habits of belief into a simply dispassionate frame
of mind, then vague antecedent improbabilities, or what seem to us as
such,—merely what is strange or marvellous in certain truths, merely
the fact that things happen in one way and not in another, when they
must happen in some way,—may disturb us, as suggesting to us, “Is it
possible? who would have thought it! what a coincidence!” without
really touching the deep assent of our whole intellectual being to the
object, whatever it be, thus irrationally assailed. Thus we may wonder
at the Divine Mercy of the Incarnation, till we grow startled at it,
and ask why the earth has so special a theological history, or why we
are Christians and others not, or how God can really exert a particular
governance, since He does not punish such sinners as we are, thus
seeming to doubt His power or His equity, though in truth we are not
doubting at all.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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