An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of AssentNewman, John Henry
Religion
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Newman, John Henry
Faith; Theism
Ubiquitous Presence of One Supreme Master, as we have, from parallel
experience of sense, for assenting to the fact of a multiform and vast
world, material and mental.
However, this assent is notional, because we generalize a consistent,
methodical form of Divine Unity and Personality with Its attributes,
from particular experiences of the religious instinct, which are
themselves, only _intensivè_, not _extensivè_, and in the imagination,
not intellectually, notices of Its Presence; though at the same
time that assent may become real of course, as may the assent to
the external world, viz. when we apply our general knowledge to a
particular instance of that knowledge, as, according to a former
remark, the general “varium et mutabile” was realized in Dido. And in
thus treating the origin of these great notions, I am not forgetting
the aid which from our earliest years we receive from teachers, nor
am I denying the influence of certain original forms of thinking or
formative ideas, connatural with our minds, without which we could not
reason at all. I am only contemplating the mind as it moves in fact,
by whatever hidden mechanism; as a locomotive engine could not move
without steam, but still, under whatever number of forces, it certainly
does start from Birmingham and does arrive in London.
4. And so again, as regards the first principles expressed in such
propositions as “There is a right and a wrong,” “a true and a false,”
“a just and an unjust,” “a beautiful and a deformed;” they are
abstractions to which we give a notional assent in consequence of our
particular experiences of qualities in the concrete, to which we give a
real assent. As we form our notion of whiteness from the actual sight
of snow, milk, a lily, or a cloud, so, after experiencing the sentiment
of approbation which arises in us on the sight of certain acts one by
one, we go on to assign to that sentiment a cause, and to those acts
a quality, and we give to this notional cause or quality the name of
virtue, which is an abstraction, not a thing. And in like manner, when
we have been affected by a certain specific admiring pleasure at the
sight of this or that concrete object, we proceed by an arbitrary act
of the mind to give a name to the hypothetical cause or quality in
the abstract, which excites it. We speak of it as beautifulness, and
henceforth, when we call a thing beautiful, we mean by the word nothing
else than a certain quality of things which creates in us this special
sensation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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